Congressional Research Service Reports - 65 Matching Results

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Japanese and U.S. Industrial Associations: Their Roles in High-Technology Policymaking

Description: In both Japan and in the United States, industrial associations play an important role in enhancing government understanding and interaction with industries and in easing cooperative efforts among firms. This report examines the role of industrial associations and related organizations in high-technology policymaking and in accelerating technological development.
Date: June 26, 1991
Creator: Nanto, Dick K. & McLoughlin, Glenn J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Treatment Technologies at Superfund Sites

Description: The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation. and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund, authorizes the Federal Government, through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to clean up hazardous waste sites. There are currently about 1,200 sites on Superfund's National Priorities List, with remedial costs expected to be around $40 billion.
Date: June 27, 1991
Creator: Wozniak, Alborz A. & Reisch, Mark
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan's Science and Technology Strategies and Policies

Description: Japan,s rise as a leading economic power has been attributed to many factors. Increasingly, attention has focused on Japan,s ability to apply innovative technologies to develop new products. Technology development and applications are at the core of a system in which the government and the private sector facilitate industrial policies and practices. Japanese research and development efforts increasingly stress what one Japanese policymaker calls the "fusion" solution, or combining advances in d… more
Date: October 14, 1992
Creator: McLoughlin, Glenn J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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U.S.-Japanese Trade: The Semiconductor Arrangement

Description: On June 4, 1991, the United States and Japan agreed to a five-year arrangement to open Japan,s market to U.S.-origin semiconductor devices, replacing a 1986 agreement that was due to expire. Unlike other U.S.-Japanese trade agreement, the U.S.-Japanese Semiconductor Arrangement stipulates a quantifiable objective (20 percent of the Japanese market for foreign-produced semiconductors). It is often identified by those who want the United States to undertake a "results-oriented" trade policy towar… more
Date: May 13, 1993
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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DOE Environmental Technology Department - A Fact Sheet

Description: The Department of Energy (DOE) established the Office of Technology Development in 1989 to develop faster and less expensive technical solutions to the Department's widespread environmental problems, primarily the legacy of decades of nuclear weapons production. Without new environmental technologies, DOE contends, some types of contamination may prove impossible to clean up. The Office of Technology Development, which is part of DOE's Environmental Management Program (EM), manages all stages o… more
Date: March 11, 1994
Creator: Holt, Mark
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Information Superhighway: Status and Issues

Description: As the media devote increasing attention to the "information superhighway," many questions whether this latest high-tech creation is a fact, fantasy, or a distant future. The answer is one of perspective and expectations.
Date: December 2, 1994
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Flat Panel Display (FPD) Technology: An Introduction to the Issues

Description: Flat Panel Display (FPD) technologies likely will help revolutionize the way information is transmitted, received, and used. FPD technologies already are having a significant impact on U.S. military weapon systems, and the growth of the commercial FPD market may be enormous by the end of the decade. A key policy issue facing Federal policymakers is whether there is a Government role, particularly for the Department of Defense, to assist the U.S. FPD industry in light of overwhelming Japanese do… more
Date: December 19, 1994
Creator: McLoughlin, Glenn J. & Nunno, Richard M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A Department of Science and Technology: A Recurring Theme

Description: Consolidation of many Federal research and development (R&D) activities into a Department of Science and Technology (S&T) has been proposed repeatedly since World War D, including in the last Congress. The trend, however, has been toward the creation of mission agencies with supporting R&D capabilities. Analyses of arguments for and against consolidation indicate that valid reasons exist on both sides of the issue. Specific consolidation proposals may be considered again during the 104th Congre… more
Date: February 3, 1995
Creator: Boesman, William C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Intelligence Implications of the Military Technical Revolution

Description: The availability of precise, real-time intelligence has been an integral part of a military technical revolution being implemented by the Department of Defense for post-Cold War conflicts and peacekeeping operations. Providing this intelligence requires new types of equipment, analysis and organizational relationships within the U.S. intelligence community.
Date: May 1, 1995
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cooperative R&D: Federal Efforts to Promote Industrial Competitiveness

Description: In response to the foreign challenge in the global marketplace, the United States Congress has explored ways to stimulate technological advancement in the private sector. The government has supported various efforts to promote cooperative research and development activities among industry, universities, and the federal R&D establishment designed to increase the competitiveness of American industry and to encourage the generation of new products, processes, and services. Among the issues before … more
Date: December 2, 1996
Creator: Schacht, Wendy H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy

Description: Concern has been growing that the pace of U.S. technological advancement is declining, with negative consequences for U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. Because technology can contribute to economic growth and productivity increases, congressional interest has focused on how to augment private sector technological development. Legislative activity over the past decade has created a policy for technology development, albeit an ad hoc one. Because of the lack o… more
Date: December 2, 1996
Creator: Schacht, Wendy H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Science, Technology, and Medicine: Issues Facing the 105th Congress, First Session

Description: Science, technology, and medicine are an indisputable part of many of the policy issues that may come before the Congress this coming year. This report provides an overview of several of these issue and identifies CRS publications that treat them in more depth.
Date: February 21, 1997
Creator: Rowberg, Richard E
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Analysis of Ten Selected Science and Technology Policy Studies

Description: Since the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, a number of reports have been prepared on a broad range of science and technology (S&T) policy issues, most notably dealing with national research and development (R&D) goals, priorities, and budgets, and university-government-industry relationships. This report discusses and analyzes ten of these S&T reports.
Date: September 4, 1997
Creator: Boesman, William C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Industrial Energy Intensiveness and Energy Costs in the Context of Climate Change Policy

Description: This report presents and briefly analyzes data on the amount, cost, and distribution by source of energy used by a number of U.S. energy-intensive sectors and "industries." While the report does not analyze how measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions would affect particular industries, it indirectly provides guidance.
Date: November 21, 1997
Creator: Gelb, Bernard A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China: Commission of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND) and Defense Industries

Description: Congressional interest in the Chinese military, or People’s Liberation Army (PLA), has increased as a result of the March 1996 tensions in the Taiwan Strait, continuing allegations of Chinese proliferation of technology useful in weapons of mass destruction, and reports that some Chinese defense-related corporations have circumvented U.S. export controls to acquire dual-use technology. The Commission of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND), an important, high-level P… more
Date: December 3, 1997
Creator: Kan, Shirley A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Point & Click: Internet Searching Techniques

Description: This report discusses criteria to consider when judging the quality of an internet site and the best strategies for locating information on the World Wide Web. There are two ways to search the Internet. The first is to use subject guides (e.g., Yahoo, Galaxy, or WWW Virtual Library), which are compiled by human indexers. These present an organized hierarchy of categories so a searcher can “drill down” through their links. The second option is to use a search engine (e.g., Alta Vista, Hotbot, or… more
Date: April 6, 1998
Creator: Tehan, Rita
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Some Perspectives on the Changing Role of the U.S. Government in Science and Technology

Description: This report analyzes a number of factors bearing on the government's role in science and technology (S&T): the character of research and development (R&D); the federal R&D missions involved; whether the government funds R&D in its own laboratories or in those of industry or academia; and the government's R&D budget and its management of, and planning for, S&T.
Date: April 14, 1998
Creator: Boesman, William C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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