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Russia's Paris Club Debt: U.S. Interests
Russia is seeking substantial debt forgiveness from its Paris Club debt of some $42 billion. Germany holds about half this official debt; the United States share is 6%. The United States may adopt a policy of no debt relief, of rescheduling payments of principal and interest, or of debt forgiveness. The official position of creditor countries in the Paris Club is for no debt forgiveness. Many in Congress support linkage of any debt relief to an end of the Chechnya conflict and of aid to Serbia, and other foreign and security issues. H.R. 4118, "Russian-American Trust and Cooperation Act of 2000," dealing with a Russian intelligence facility in Cuba, was reported out of the U.S. House of Representatives to be debated starting Wednesday, July 19, 2000. Paris Club negotiations will be discussed at the Okinawa G-8 meeting, July 21-22, 2000. This report will not be updated.
Russia
Vladimir Putin, who was catapulted into the Kremlin following Boris Yeltsin's resignation, was elected President on March 26, 2000 by a solid majority that embraced his military campaign in Chechnya. Parties backing Putin did well in the December 1999 Duma election, giving Putin a stable parliamentary majority as well. Putin has moved to strengthen the central government vis-a-vis regional leaders, to bring TV and radio under tighter state control, and to modernize the armed forces. Federal forces have suppressed large-scale military resistance in Chechnya, but face the prospect of prolonged guerilla warfare.
Moldova: Basic Facts
Moldova was incorporated into the Soviet Union June 1940, and regained its independence on August 27, 1991. Shortly thereafter, Moldova faced challenges from Turkic-speaking Gagauz and ethnic Russians, both residing in Moldova's Dniestr valley, who proclaimed separatist "republics." Other challenges facing Moldovans include pursuing economic reform and choosing between potential reunification with their ethnic cohorts in Romania and forging an independent identity.
National Missile Defense: Russia's Reaction
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Russia
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Russia
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Russia
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Arms Control and Strategic Nuclear Weapons: Unilateral vs. Bilateral Reductions
This report discusses changing U.S. policy and priorities in regards to arms control. The report compares the various strengths and weaknesses of unilateral and bilateral approaches to arms reduction.
Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
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Russia
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Russia
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Russia
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National Missile Defense: Russia's Reaction
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Russia
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Russia
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Russia
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Russia
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Russia
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Withdrawal from the ABM Treaty: Legal Considerations
On December 13, 2001, President Bush gave formal notice to Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and the Ukraine that the United States was withdrawing from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty because of the constraints it imposes on the testing of missile defense systems; and six months later, on June 13, 2002, the treaty effectively terminated. The ABM Treaty has been in force since 1972. Pertinent legal questions that have been raised about U.S. withdrawal concern whether the treaty allows it; if so, the procedure to be followed; and, finally, the constitutionality of the President doing so unilaterally without the involvement of the Senate or Congress. This report briefly discusses these issues, as well as the recent federal district court decision in Kucinich v. Bush dismissing a suit by 32 members of the House challenging the constitutionality of the President’s action.
Russia
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Georgia’s Pankisi Gorge: Russian Concerns and U.S. Interests
This report delves into the complex and tumultuous relationship between Georgia and Russia. It provides background of the two countries interactions, analysis of recent developments, speculation regarding U.S. interest in the perceived conflict.
Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Russia
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Russia
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Russia
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Russia
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
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Russia
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Russian Oil and Gas Companies and Central and Eastern Europe
This report discusses the role of Russian oil and gas companies in Central Europe, the structure of these industries and their ability to serve as instruments of Russian state power in Central Europe.
Russia
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Health in Russia and Other Soviet Successor States: Context and Issues for Congress
This report provides an overview of health conditions in the Eurasian states, U.S. aid efforts in recent years, and issues which Congress might consider in providing health assistance to the Eurasian states.
Russia’s Arrest of “Oligarch” Mikhail Khodorkovskiy: Background and Implications for U.S. Interests
This report discusses the Russian government's arrest of "oligarch" Mikhail Khodorkovskiy in late October 2003 and other moves against his Yukos oil company. The background of the arrest and subsequent political and economic fallout are presented, as well as implications for Russia and U.S. interests.
Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
This report provides background information on the location of nuclear weapons at the time of the demise of the Soviet Union and their subsequent relocation to storage and deployment areas in Russia. It also provides a description of the safety, security, and control issues raised in 1991 and in more recent years. It includes a brief listing of the cooperative programs and assistance the United States has provided to Russia and the other former Soviet states in an effort to address concerns about the safety and security of nuclear weapons and materials.
The Former Soviet Union and U.S. Foreign Assistance in 1992: The Role of Congress
This report discusses the key role Congress played in formulating an aid program for the former Soviet Union in 1992.
World Oil Demand and the Effect on Oil Prices
Demand patterns for world oil and oil products show significant diversity by country, region, and product groupings. As a result of this diversity it is not possible to attach blame for the current level of price to any one nation, region, or product segment. The view that the oil market is international in scope and tightly interrelated is enhanced by the demand data. As a result of the integrated nature of the world oil market it is unlikely that any one nation acting on its own can implement policies that isolate its market from broader price behavior. As new major oil importers, notably China, and potentially India, expand their demand, the oil market likely will have to expand production capacity. This promises to increase the world’s dependence on the Persian Gulf members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, especially Saudi Arabia, and maintain upward pressure on price.
Russia
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