Congressional Research Service Reports - 17,135 Matching Results
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- Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension: Farm Bill Issues
- This report discusses the farm bill (P.L. 110-234) that will authorize and direct the implementation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) major programs across the spectrum of its mission areas through FY2012. The enacted bill reorganizes the Department's research, extension, and economics mission area, which currently comprises four agencies that separately administer intramural and extramural programs supporting agricultural research and development (R&D).
- Comparison of Climate Change Adaptation Provisions in S. 1733 and H.R. 2454
- This report summarizes and compares climate change adaptation-related provisions in the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (H.R. 2454) and the Clean Energy, Jobs, and Power Act (S. 1733). Both H.R. 2454 and S. 1733 include adaptation provisions that seek to better assess the impacts of climate change and variability that are occurring now and in the future; and support adaptation activities related to climate change, both domestically and internationally.
- International Food Aid Programs: Background and Issues
- This report discusses the U.S.'s role in global efforts to alleviate hunger and malnutrition and to enhance world food security through international food aid activities. The development and implementation of a U.S. global food security initiative, and commitments made by global leaders to support agricultural development, have increased Congress's focus on U.S. international food aid programs.
- The Obama Administration's Feed the Future Initiative
- The primary objectives of this report are to (1) provide a context for the state of food insecurity in the world; (2) provide an overview of the Obama Administration's global hunger and food security initiative, called Feed the Future; and (3) provide an overview of issues that the 112th Congress may consider in relation to agricultural development and global food security.
- U.S. Global Food Security Funding, FY2010-FY2012
- The United States currently addresses issues related to global hunger and food security through two primary types of approaches: (1) agricultural development and (2) emergency and humanitarian food aid and assistance. Agricultural development activities, such as the Administration's Feed the Future initiative and some emergency food assistance programs, are administered primarily by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) using existing authorities provided in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended.
- U.S. Air Force Pilot Shortage
- This report discusses the current shortage of pilots, especially fighter pilots, in the Air Force and factors influencing pilots to leave the Air Force and possible retention and recruitment methods to help alleviate the shortage.
- Artificial Intelligence and National Security
- This report discuses research and development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications for the military, their potential uses, and the programs of competing nations such as China and Russia.
- Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (P. L. 91-513): Major Criminal Penalties
- This report provides a table listing criminal penalties for drug related charges under the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.
- FireArms: Laws and Regulations in the United States, Selected References. 1966
- This report is about the laws and regulations in the United States.
- Gun Control: Comparison of Major Provisions of House Subcommittee Bill, and Administration Bill
- This report is an outline of several bills proposed to amend the Gun Control Act of 1968.
- Legislation Relating to the Control of Drug Abuse, 92nd Congress
- This report
- Major Legislation Relating to the Organization of Federal Efforts to Control Drug Abuse
- This report outlines federal grants and programs to curb drug abuse in the United States, and estimates yearly expenditures.
- Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-513): Summary of Major Provisions
- This report discusses the main provisions of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.
- Federal Laws Relating to the Control of Narcotics and Other Dangerous Drugs, Enacted 1961-1985: Brief Summaries
- This report contains summaries of enactments, treaties, and reorganization plans, passed from 1961 through 1985, that have some clearly indicated relationship-- either by specific reference or by virtue of legislative history--to the Federal effort to prevent drug misuse through control of the supply of narcotics and other dangerous drugs.
- Gun Control
- This report provides basic firearms-related issues and a summary of legislative action.
- Narcotic Addiction: Selected Bibliographic References
- This report provides a bibliography of resources related to narcotics addiction.
- Federal Drug Control: President's Budget Request for Fiscal Year 1988
- This report discusses the President's FY1988 budget, focusing on the $3 billion set aside for Federal programs to control or prevent the use of narcotics and other dangerous drugs. The report includes various key documents illustrating the positions taken by Congressional critics of the request as well as the Administration's defenses. Finally, for a longer term perspective, there are graphs and a table showing drug budget trends since FY 1981.
- Federal Drug Control: President's Budget Request for Fiscal Year 1988
- This report discusses the President's FY1988 budget, focusing on the $3 billion set aside for Federal programs to control or prevent the use of narcotics and other dangerous drugs. The report includes various key documents illustrating the positions taken by Congressional critics of the request as well as the Administration's defenses. Finally, for a longer term perspective, there are graphs and a table showing drug budget trends since FY 1981.
- Euthanasia: Selected References
- This report provides a bibliography of resources related to euthanasia.
- Control of Drug Abuse : Summary of Principal Legislative Activity in the 93rd Congress
- This report collects Federal government efforts to control drug abuse in the United States.
- 9/11 Commission Recommendations: Changes to the Presidential Appointment and Presidential Transition Processes
- From Summary: "This report provides background information on, and analysis of, the changes proposed by the 9/11 Commission, and it will be updated as events warrant."
- Executive Branch Reorganization
- This report discusses some tools available to Congress, the President, and agency leaders, respectively, for initiation and implementation of executive branch reorganization. It also discusses the interagency coordinative mechanisms that are sometimes used by each of these actors to bridge inter-organizational gaps. The report concludes with general observations regarding federal reorganization efforts.
- Executive Branch Reorganization Initiatives During the 112th Congress: A Brief Overview
- This report describes the ways that executive branch reorganization can occur as a result of Administration and congressional actions, and describes recent initiatives in the context of that typology. The report concludes with some observations regarding federal reorganization efforts.
- FBI Director: Appointment and Tenure
- This report provides an overview of the development of the process for appointing the FBI Director, briefly discusses the history of nominations to this position, and identifies related congressional hearing records and reports.
- Filling Presidentially Appointed, Senate-Confirmed Positions in the Department of Homeland Security
- No Description Available.
- Homeland Security: Management Positions for the Proposed Department
- This report analyzes the proposals in light of the provisions for appointment of that managerial hierarchy.
- Presidential Reorganization Authority: History, Recent Initiatives, and Options for Congress
- This report summarizes the repeated renewal and evolution of presidential reorganization authority from 1932 to 1984, as well as subsequent unsuccessful efforts to renew it since then. The report then discusses President Obama's request in the context of this background. Finally, the report provides analysis of the possible options for congressional consideration relative to this legislation.
- Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions
- This report supplies brief answers to some frequently-asked questions regarding recess appointments. These are appointments to high-level policy-making positions in federal departments which are generally confirmed by the Senate. When the Senate is in recess, the President may make a temporary appointment, called a recess appointment, to any such position without Senate approval.
- Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions
- This report supplies brief answers to some frequently asked questions regarding recess appointments. When the Senate is in recess, the President may make a temporary appointment, called a recess appointment, to any such position without Senate approval (Article II, Section 2, Clause 3).
- Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions
- This report supplies brief answers to some frequently asked questions regarding recess appointments. These are appointments to high-level policy-making positions in federal departments which are generally confirmed by the Senate. When the Senate is in recess, the President may make a temporary appointment, called a recess appointment, to any such position without Senate approval.
- Recess Appointments Made by President Barack Obama
- This report identifies recess appointments made by President Obama. The report discusses these recess appointments in the context of recess appointment authorities and practices generally, and it provides related statistics. Congressional actions to prevent recess appointments prior to and during the Obama presidency, the President's unconstitutional appointments, and the judiciary's response are discussed in more detail in an appendix to the report. Additional information concerning recess appointments by President George W. Bush, general recess appointment practices, and legal issues pertaining to judicial recess appointments in particular may be found in other CRS reports.
- Reorganization of the Minerals Management Service in the Aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
- This report provides background and context on the origins of the Minerals Management Service (MMS) in the Department of the Interior (DOI). The April 2010 Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill refocused attention on MMS, which had previously endured management challenges. The report also discusses Secretary Kenneth L. Salazar's handling of conflicts within MMS, potential congressional options regarding MMS reorganization, historical examples of similar reorganization efforts, and information on related legislative initiatives.
- Statutory Qualifications for Executive Branch Positions
- This report provides background on the framework for constitutional appointments, discusses Congress's constitutional authority to set qualifications for appointees, discusses congressional practices in this area, and provides related analysis and options. It also includes two tables with examples of existing positions with qualification requirements.
- Supreme Court Nominations Not Confirmed, 1789-2004
- This report discusses Supreme Court nominations that were not confirmed between 1789 and 2004 (comprising 34 nominations). Over the course of United States history, approximately one-quarter of the presidential nominations to the U.S. Supreme Court have failed to place a new Associate or Chief Justice on the bench.
- Supreme Court Nominations Not Confirmed, 1789-2009
- From 1789 through 2009, Presidents submitted 159 nominations to Supreme Court positions. Of these, 36 were not confirmed by the Senate. This report provides a summary of these unsuccessful nominations and the factors that lead to them.
- Supreme Court Nominations Not Confirmed, 1789-August 2010
- From 1789 through August 2010, Presidents submitted 160 nominations to Supreme Court positions. Of these, 36 were not confirmed by the Senate. This report provides a summary of these unsuccessful nominations and the factors that lead to them.
- Temporarily Filling Presidentially Appointed, Senate-Confirmed Positions
- This report examines several authorities by which a vacant presidentially appointed, Senate-confirmed position can be filled temporarily without going through the Senate confirmation process..
- Temporarily Filling Presidentially Appointed, Senate-Confirmed Positions
- This report discusses methods of temporarily filling presidentially appointed positions which require the advice and consent of the Senate through the use of special hiring rules for vacancies under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998, recess appointments, consultants, or interim appointments of personnel who were the next level down from the vacant position.
- Temporarily Filling Presidentially Appointed, Senate-Confirmed Positions
- This report examines several authorities by which a vacant presidentially appointed, Senate-confirmed position can be filled temporarily without going through the Senate confirmation process..
- The Trump Administration's Reform Plan and Reorganization Recommendations
- This report discusses the Trump Administration's "Delivering Government Solutions in the 21st Century: Reform Plan and Reorganization Recommendations" (the Reform Plan). The stated goal of the Reform Plan is to "improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability of agencies."
- Federal Emergency Management and Homeland Security Organization: Historical Developments and Legislative Options
- This report provides background information about the establishment and evolution of federal emergency management and related homeland security organization since 1950. Post-Katrina assessments of current arrangements by Congress and the White House are also discussed. Finally, the report provides a brief summary of related legislation that had been introduced as of July 17, 2006.
- Federal Emergency Management and Homeland Security Organization: Historical Developments and Legislative Options
- This report provides background information about the establishment and evolution of federal emergency management and related homeland security organization since 1950. Post-Katrina assessments of current arrangements by Congress and the White House are also discussed. Finally, the report provides a brief summary of related legislation that had been introduced as of July 17, 2006.
- Federal Emergency Management and Homeland Security Organization: Historical Developments and Legislative Options
- This report provides background information about the establishment and evolution of federal emergency management and related homeland security organization since 1950. Post-Katrina assessments of current arrangements by Congress and the White House are also discussed. Finally, the report provides a brief summary of related legislation that had been introduced as of July 17, 2006.
- Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 110th Congress
- This report specifies, for the 110th Congress, all presidential nominations to full-time positions on 34 regulatory and other collegial boards and commissions. Profiles of each board and commission provide information on their organizational structures, membership as of the end of the 110th Congress, and appointment activity during that Congress. The report also includes tables summarizing the collective appointment activity for all 34 bodies, and identifying Senate recesses during the 110th Congress.
- Recess Appointments Made by President Barack Obama
- This report identifies recess appointments by President Obama, from the beginning of his presidency, on January 20, 2009, until June 3, 2013. The report discusses these recess appointments in the context of recess appointment authorities and practices generally, and it provides related statistics
- Recess Appointments Made by President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001- October 31, 2008
- This report identifies recess appointments made by President George W. Bush from the time he took office on January 20, 2001, through October 31, 2008. Basic descriptive statistics regarding these appointments are also provided.
- Trump Administration Reform and Reorganization Plan: Discussion of 35 "Government-Wide" Proposals [Memorandum]
- "This memorandum provides a brief summary and some preliminary analysis of the Donald J. Trump Administration's recent proposals to restructure and reform agencies, programs, and operations in the executive branch. Specifically, the memorandum covers the 32 proposals characterized by the Trump Administration as "Government-wide." The 32 proposals include several sub-proposals, which, when enumerated separately as they are in this memorandum, bring the total to 35. The analysis of each proposal includes, to the extent possible, a discussion of statutes that might be involved in the proposed changes, and whether some changes might be achieved through administrative action" (p. 1).
- Appointment and Confirmation of Executive Branch Leadership: An Overview
- This report begins by explaining the three distinct stages that comprise the advice and consent process, which is the means through which most of these positions are filled. The report then provides an overview of recess appointments and briefly discusses other options that are available to Presidents for temporarily filling vacant advice and consent positions. Finally, it discusses certain types of statutory provisions that Congress has applied selectively to specific advice and consent positions in the executive branch.
- Presidential Appointments to Full-time Positions in Executive Departments During the 109th Congress, 2005-2006
- This report provides an overview of the process for filling positions to which the President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate (PAS positions). It also identifies, for the 109th Congress, all nominations to executive level full-time positions in the 15 departments. Profiles of the departments provide basic information regarding their full-time PAS positions and related appointment activity during the 109th Congress.
- Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation and Committees Handling Nominations
- This report identifies, by Senate committee, presidentially appointed positions requiring Senate confirmation based on referrals as of October 31, 2007. For each committee list, positions are categorized as full- or part-time and then grouped by department or agency. Where nominations have been referred to more than one committee, the organizations and titles are noted under each of the committees to which the nominations were referred. The lists also include the lengths of fixed terms, where applicable. Some commissions, councils, and other multi-member entities are required, by their enabling statutes, to maintain political balance in some way.