Congressional Research Service Reports - 1,008 Matching Results

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Federal Environmental activities
This report presents the Environmental activities of all units of the federal government except the supreme court and the committees of congress.
U.S energy policy : The minimum import price for oil
This report provides new strategies to develop new energy supplies and minimum import prices for oil.
Vocational Education: Legislation to Reauthorize the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act
This report presents background on the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act, rovides a funding history of the Act, and tracks and analyzes legislation during the 105th Congress to revise and reauthorize the Perkins Act.
Cybercrime: The Council of Europe Convention
Forty-three countries, including the United States, have signed the Council of Europe’s Convention on Cybercrime of November 2001. The U.S. Senate ratified the Convention on August 3, 2006. The Convention seeks to better combat cybercrime by harmonizing national laws, improving investigative abilities, and boosting international cooperation. Supporters argue that the Convention will enhance deterrence, while critics counter it will have little effect without participation by countries in which cybercriminals operate freely. Others warn it will endanger privacy and civil liberties.
Cybercrime: The Council of Europe Convention
Forty-three countries, including the United States, have signed the Council of Europe’s Convention on Cybercrime of November 2001. The U.S. Senate ratified the Convention on August 3, 2006. The Convention seeks to better combat cybercrime by harmonizing national laws, improving investigative abilities, and boosting international cooperation. Supporters argue that the Convention will enhance deterrence, while critics counter it will have little effect without participation by countries in which cybercriminals operate freely. Others warn it will endanger privacy and civil liberties.
Transatlantic Perspectives on Defense Innovation: Issues for Congress
This report discusses defense innovation and technology research and development in the American, British, French, and German military and ways to use implement such innovations into NATO forces.
Congressional Organization for Science and Technology 92nd Congress, 1st Session: A Listing of Congressional Committees and Subcommittees Having Jurisdiction Over Scientific and Technological Activities
This report is an alphabetical collection of every Senate, House, and Joint Committee that show a relation to scientific and technological matters.
Congressional Organization for Science and Technology, 91st Congress, 2nd Session: A Listing of Congressional Committees and Subcommittees Having Jurisdiction over Scientific and Technological Activities
This report provides a listing of congressional committees and subcommittees related to science and technology.
Overview of NEPA Requirements
This report provides an overview of The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requirements. NEPA establishes national environmental policies that apply to the federal government and also prescribes certain procedural requirements for federal agency actions.
Electronic Surveillance Modernization Act, as Passed by the House of Representatives
This report summarizes the bill as passed by the House and analyzes the potential impact of its provisions were they to become law.
Animal Agriculture: 2007 Farm Bill Issues
With a few exceptions (such as milk), the products of animal agriculture are not eligible for the price and income supports that Congress historically has written into farm bills for major row crops such as grains, cottons, and oilseeds. However, the meat and poultry industries do look to the federal government for leadership and support in prompting their exports, resolving trade disputes, and reassuring markets that their products are safe, of high quality, and disease free. Farm bills can contain policy guidance and resources to help achieve these objectives.
The Computer Industry: Growth and Evolution with Special Emphasis on Government Regulation and Antitrust, Selected References, 1974
This report provides bibliography of resources related to the growth of the computer industry that were published in 1974.
Law Enforcement and Modern Technology: Selected References, 1971
This report provides a bibliography of recent resources related to the use of modern technology in law enforcement.
The Clean Coal Technology Program: Current Prospects
The Clean Coal Technology (CCT) program, started in the 1980's and funded generously in the early 1990's, has completed most of its surviving projects and has not funded any new ones since 1994. However, President Bush’s FY2002 budget outline proposed spending $2 billion over 10 years on a restructured CCT program. It is not clear what kind of projects would be included in the new program.
The International Space Station and the Space Shuttle
This report provides an overview of the international space station and the space shuttle.
Intelligence Implications of the Military Technical Revolution
The availability of precise, real-time intelligence has been an integral part of a military technical revolution being implemented by the Department of Defense for post-Cold War conflicts and peacekeeping operations. Providing this intelligence requires new types of equipment, analysis and organizational relationships within the U.S. intelligence community.
Organized Crime: An Evolving Challenge for U.S. Law Enforcement
This report provides an analysis of how organized crime has capitalized on globalization by using borders as opportunities, relying on fast-paced technological change, and adapting its organizational structures. It illustrates how these transformations can impact U.S. persons, businesses, and interests. The report includes a discussion of how U.S. law enforcement conceptualizes organized crime in the 21st century and concludes by examining potential issues for Congress, including the extent to which organized crime is a national security threat (partly to be tackled by U.S. law enforcement agencies), congressional oversight regarding the federal coordination of organized crime investigations, and the utility of current resources appropriated to combat organized crime.
Analysis of Ten Selected Science and Technology Policy Studies
Since the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, a number of reports have been prepared on a broad range of science and technology (S&T) policy issues, most notably dealing with national research and development (R&D) goals, priorities, and budgets, and university-government-industry relationships. This report discusses and analyzes ten of these S&T reports.
A Department of Science and Technology: A Recurring Theme
Consolidation of many Federal research and development (R&D) activities into a Department of Science and Technology (S&T) has been proposed repeatedly since World War D, including in the last Congress. The trend, however, has been toward the creation of mission agencies with supporting R&D capabilities. Analyses of arguments for and against consolidation indicate that valid reasons exist on both sides of the issue. Specific consolidation proposals may be considered again during the 104th Congress.
Some Perspectives on the Changing Role of the U.S. Government in Science and Technology
This report analyzes a number of factors bearing on the government's role in science and technology (S&T): the character of research and development (R&D); the federal R&D missions involved; whether the government funds R&D in its own laboratories or in those of industry or academia; and the government's R&D budget and its management of, and planning for, S&T.
Superconducting Super Collider
No Description Available.
Solid waste disposal
This report is a brief summary of federal programs
Vinyl Chloride: An Occupational Health Hazard
This report gives information about various occupational and health issues associated with Vinyl Chloride.
Clean Energy Standard: Potential Qualifying Energy Sources
This report begins with a brief examination of clean energy, renewable energy, and alternative energy. It then presents possible selection criteria Congress could use to determine which sources could be eligible for a CES depending on the goal(s) of the CES. The report provides an overview of the energy sources most commonly discussed as potential CES qualifying sources: biomass, fossil fuels (natural gas combined-cycle and coal-fired power plants with carbon capture and sequestration), geothermal resources, nuclear, solar, water, and wind. The report describes where each source can be found in the United States, the estimated quantity available for electricity generation, technologies used to create electricity from the source, advantages and disadvantages of using the source for electricity generation, and policy implications should the source be included in a CES.5 The report also contains a section on energy efficiency and its potential inclusion in a CES.
Residential applications of solar heating and cooling technologies
This report is about residential applications of solar heating and cooling technologies
U.S. Renewable Electricity: How Does Wind Generation Impact Competitive Power Markets?
This report analyzes the impacts of wind generation on competitive power markets, including financial and economic impacts on electric power generators. Overall, the report aims to provide context for several electricity market concepts that are relevant to understanding the economic effects of wind power generation.
The Endangered Species Act and “Sound Science”
This report approaches the complex issues surrounding "sound science" by discussing recent controversies, the role of science in general, what science is and what it can and cannot do - as the background for assessing the adequacy of science in ESA implementation; the role of science in legal and policy ESA context; legislation to address concerns relating to ESA science
Electric Grid Cybersecurity
This report discusses the current state of electric grid cybersecurity, and the interconnected dependency of critical infrastructure with regard to electric sector reliability. It includes discussions of recent developments, cyber and physical security, threats to the grid and supply chain risks, use of artificial intelligence, improvements to grid cybersecurity, recent legislation and other issues for Congress.
The Smart Grid: Status and Outlook
This report discusses the effort to build a "smart" electricity grid across the the U.S. which can be run with digital technologies that control most of the major functions of a power plant. The current state of the movement and concerns regarding cyber-security are also discussed.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS): Commercial Outlook for a New Industry
This report discusses unmanned aircraft systems (UAS)--commonly referred to as drones-- which have become a staple of U.S. military reconnaissance and weapons delivery in overseas war zones such as Afghanistan. Now some new technologies and pending federal regulations are enabling the manufacture and use of UAS in domestic commerce, giving rise to a growing commercial UAS industry.
The Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program: Status and Issues
This report discusses the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program by the Department of Energy (DOE). Furthermore, the report establishes the program as giving loans to businesses in the automotive industry to make new factories or redesign old ones to produce vehicles that achieve at least 25% higher fuel economy than vehicles from 2005. The report also covers the spending on the program and the requirements to receive a loan.
Desalination and Membrane Technologies: Federal Research and Adoption Issues
This report discusses emerging technologies (e.g., forward osmosis, nanocomposite and chlorine resistant membranes) that show promise for reducing desalination costs. It also discusses the research to support development of emerging technologies and to reduce desalination's environmental and social impacts.
Desalination and Membrane Technologies: Federal Research and Adoption Issues
This report discusses emerging technologies (e.g., forward osmosis, nanocomposite and chlorine resistant membranes) show promise for reducing desalination costs. It discusses the Research to support development of emerging technologies and to reduce desalination's environmental and social impacts.
Public Participation and Technology Assessment: A Survey of the Legislative History of the Office of Technology Assessment
This report provides an overview of the history and functions of the Office of Technology Assessment and discusses the concept of public participation in technology assessment.
Computers and Political Campaigning
This report is an annotated bibliography on computers in relation to political campaigning.
Improving Judicial Administration: The Role of Systems Technology
This report provides a bibliography of resources related to the current role and potential of systems technology to improve judicial administration.
The Legislator as User of Information Technology
This report presents the expectations of the citizenry for a continuing high level of progress.
Computer Technology and Congressional Operations: Selected References
This report serves as a series of citations indicating an increased interest in automatic data processing (ADP) within the United States Congress.
Information Services for Agriculture: The Role of Technology
Significant improvements in technology-supported information services have created opportunities for their utilization by the farmers and ranchers of our Nation. This report highlights the development and expanded offering of these systems, describes current operational and experimental systems, and presents salient legislative initiatives which address this priority area.
The Potential of Systems, Tools, and Techniques for Social and Community Problems: Selected References
This report provides a bibliography of resources related to the use of systems technology to solve social and community problems such as housing, pollution, transportation, and health services. Twenty areas of use are included in the bibliography.
The hydrogen economy
This report provides information about the Congressional research service on Hydrogen economy
OPM Data Breach: Personnel Security Background Investigation Data
This report provides information on the types of data that may be collected in a typical personnel security background investigation. In a July 9, 2015, news release on the cyber-intrusions of its systems, OPM "concluded with high confidence that sensitive information, including the Social Security Numbers (SSNs) of 21.5 million individuals, was stolen from the background investigation databases." This report is not an official statement of the data that was compromised in the OPM breach.
Space
This report is about Space, with selected references from the treaties on outer space, specifically the "treaty on principle governing the activites of States in the Exploration and use of outer space, Including the moon and other celestrial bodies" and "Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts and the returnof Astronauts and the return of objects launched into outer space".
Space Law and Related Subjects, 1969-1970
This report is an annotated bibliography on laws relating to space.
Constitutionality of Proposals to Prohibit the Sale or Rental to Minors of Video Games with Violent or Sexual Content or "Strong Language"
It has been proposed that Congress prohibit the sale or rental to minors of video games that are rated “M” (mature) or “AO” (adults-only) by the Entertainment Software Ratings Board. This board is a non-governmental entity established by the Interactive Digital Software Association, and its ratings currently have no legal effect.
Constitutionality of Requiring Sexually Explicit Material on the Internet to be Under a Separate Domain Name
It is unclear whether making a “.xxx” domain mandatory would violate the First Amendment. Some propose making use of a “.xxx” domain voluntary, but others propose that Congress make it mandatory. The latter proposal raises the question whether a mandatory separate domain would violate the First Amendment, and this report focuses on that question.
Restrictions on Minors' Access to Material on the Internet
No Description Available.
Internet Voting
No Description Available.
Internet Voting
No Description Available.
Internet Voting: Issues and Legislation
No Description Available.
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