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Congressional Research Service Reports
- Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6262/
- Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5944/
- Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8765/
- Immigration-Related Worksite Enforcement: Performance Measures
- In the spring of 2009, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued new guidance on immigration-related worksite enforcement. According to 2010 estimates, there are some 8.0 million unauthorized workers in the U.S. civilian labor force. Enforcement activity by the Department of Labor (DOL) is also relevant to a discussion of federal efforts to curtail unauthorized employment. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83891/
- Immigration-Related Worksite Enforcement: Performance Measures
- In the spring of 2009, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued new guidance on immigration-related worksite enforcement. According to 2008 estimates, there are some 8.3 million unauthorized workers in the U.S. civilian labor force. Enforcement activity by the Department of Labor (DOL) is also relevant to a discussion of federal efforts to curtail unauthorized employment. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83890/
- Immigration-Related Worksite Enforcement: Performance Measures
- Over the past few years, the media have been filled with reports about worksite enforcement operations, commonly referred to as immigration raids. These operations represent the public face of efforts by the Department of Homeland Security to curtail the employment of unauthorized immigrants. According to 2006 estimates, there are some 7.8 million unauthorized workers in the U.S. civilian workforce. Enforcement activity by the Department of Labor (DOL) is also relevant to a discussion of federal efforts to curtail unauthorized employment. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83889/
- Immigration-Related Worksite Enforcement: Performance Measures
- The Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is responsible for immigration-related worksite enforcement, or enforcement of the prohibitions on unauthorized employment in Section 274A of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The INA §274A provisions, sometimes referred to as employer sanctions, make it unlawful for an employer to knowingly hire, recruit or refer for a fee, or continue to employ an alien who is not authorized to be so employed. This report looks at enforcement measures of this act. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc85373/
- Business and Labor Spending in U.S. Elections
- Federal election law has long prohibited corporate and union spending in federal elections, but distinctions in statutes and judicial rulings have opened avenues by which these groups have been able to spend money in the electoral process. Business groups make particular use of political action committee (PAC) donations to candidates and soft money donations to parties. Unions made prominent use of issue advocacy in 1996, but labor’s political strength lies in exempt activity communications with members. This report explains these tools and their use in today’s elections. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs468/
- Political Spending by Organized Labor: Background and Current Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs736/
- Constitutional Analysis of Suspicionless Drug Testing Requirements for the Receipt of Governmental Benefits
- This report gives an overview of the issues related to federal or state laws that condition the initial or ongoing receipt of governmental benefits on passing drug tests. These regulations are vulnerable to constitutional challenge, most often due to issues of personal privacy and Fourth Amendment protections against "unreasonable searches." digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87199/
- Gramm-Rudman-Hollings: Potential Economic Effects of Meeting Deficit Targets
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9066/
- Inflation and the Real Minimum Wage: Fact Sheet
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1005/
- Emergency Response: Civil Liability of Volunteer Health Professionals
- This report discusses the patchwork of federal and state laws that operate to protect volunteers, which can include volunteer health professionals (VHPs), and those laws that trigger liability protection only for VHPs — with a focus on some of the midwestern states in addition to the Gulf region. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc122191/
- Federal Tort Claims Act
- The Federal Tort Claims Act is the statute by which the United States authorizes tort suits to be brought against itself. With exceptions, it makes the United States liable for injuries caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission of any federal employee acting within the scope of his employment, in accordance with the law of the state where the act or omission occurred. This report discusses, among other things, the application of the Feres doctrine to suits for injuries caused by medical malpractice in the military, the prohibition of suits by victims of atomic testing, Supreme Court cases interpreting the discretionary function exception, the extent to which federal employees may be held liable for torts they commit in the scope of their employment, and the government contractor defense to products liability design defect suits. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29494/
- Pay Equity Legislation
- This report gives an overview of "pay equity," a term referring to the fact that women as a group are paid less than men. It includes the history of pay equity, legal and legislative background, and recent legislation. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87264/
- Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers
- This report provides background on the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers (TAA) program, which provides federal assistance to workers who have been adversely affected by foreign trade. It was most recently authorized by the Trade Adjustment Assistance Extension Act of 2011 (TAAEA; Title II of P.L. 112-40). The report discusses TAA eligibility and benefits as set by TAAEA; describes how the program is funded and administered; and presents data on recent application activity and benefit usage. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc98013/
- The Use of Union Dues for Political Purposes: A Legal Analysis
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs467/
- Steel: Legacy Cost Issue
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2224/
- Steel: Legacy Cost Issue
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2226/
- Military Base Closures: Socioeconomic Impacts
- The most recent Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission submitted its final report to the Administration on September 8, 2005. In the report, the commission rejected 13 of the initial Department of Defense recommendations, significantly modified the recommendations for 13 other installations, and approved 22 major closures. The loss of related jobs, and efforts to replace them and to implement a viable base reuse plan, can pose significant challenges for affected communities. This report explores the potential economic impact of military closures on communities, especially rural communities, which are more heavily affected by such closures and suffer from slower economic recovery times in such instances. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc40264/
- Military Base Closures: Socioeconomic Impacts
- The most recent Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission submitted its final report to the Administration on September 8, 2005. In the report, the commission rejected 13 of the initial Department of Defense recommendations, significantly modified the recommendations for 13 other installations, and approved 22 major closures. The loss of related jobs, and efforts to replace them and to implement a viable base reuse plan, can pose significant challenges for affected communities. This report explores the potential economic impact of military closures on communities, especially rural communities, which are more heavily affected by such closures and suffer from slower economic recovery times in such instances. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10639/
- Military Base Closures: Socioeconomic Impacts
- The most recent Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission submitted its final report to the Administration on September 8, 2005. Implementation of the BRAC round was officially completed on September 15, 2011. In the report, the commission rejected 13 of the initial Department of Defense recommendations, significantly modified the recommendations for 13 other installations, and approved 22 major closures. Early planning and decisive leadership from officials are important factors in addressing local socioeconomic impacts from base realignment and closing. Drawing from existing studies, this report assesses the potential community impacts and proposals for minimizing those impacts. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87382/
- Federal Affirmative Action Law: A Brief History
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7360/
- Minority Contracting and Affirmative Action for Disadvantaged Small Businesses: Legal Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10846/
- Pay Equity Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1855/
- Pay Equity Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1854/
- Pay Equity Legislation in the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6001/
- Pay Equity Legislation in the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5105/
- Pay Equity Legislation in the 109th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8900/
- Student Drug Testing: Constitutional Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9284/
- Survey of Federal Laws and Regulations Mandating Affirmative Action Goals, Set-asides, or Other Preference Based on Race, Gender, or Ethnicity
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7387/
- Affirmative Action: Justice O'Connor's Opinions
- An examination of Justice O’Connor’s opinions reveals a gradual shift in perspective regarding the legal and constitutional standards to be applied in evaluating governmental affirmative action efforts, and the manner of their application in various legal and factual settings. This report briefly surveys decisions of retiring Justice Sandra Day O’Connor in affirmative action cases, an area where her opinions have frequently determined the outcome. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7762/
- Affirmative Action Revisited: A Legal History and Prospectus
- Affirmative action remains a focal point of public debate as the result of legal and political developments at the federal, state, and local levels. This report discusses legislation related to affirmative action, as well as legal rulings on the topic and the federal government's role in first establishing and, later, attempting to curb affirmative action policies. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6845/
- Affirmative Action Revisited: A Legal History and Prospectus
- Affirmative action remains a focal point of public debate as the result of legal and political developments at the federal, state, and local levels. This report discusses legislation related to affirmative action, as well as legal rulings on the topic and the federal government's role in first establishing and, later, attempting to curb affirmative action policies. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6844/
- Small Business Administration HUBZone Program
- The Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several programs to support small businesses, including the Historically Underutilized Business Zone Empowerment Contracting (HUBZone) program. The HUBZone program is a small business federal contracting assistance program "whose primary objective is job creation and increasing capital investment in distressed communities." This report examines the arguments presented both for and against targeting assistance to geographic areas with specified characteristics, such as low income, high poverty, or high unemployment, as opposed to providing assistance to people or businesses with specified characteristics. It then assesses the arguments presented both for and against the creation and continuation of the HUBZone program. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29592/
- Katrina Relief: U.S. Labor Department Exemption of Contractors from Written Affirmative Action Requirements
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7654/
- Does Trade Reduce Wages of U.S. Workers?
- This report examines in some detail the hypothesis that trade is undermining the economic status of the American worker. Two questions are addressed: one, Has trade tended to reduce the average level of wages? and, two, Has trade increased the inequality of wages? The general conclusion reached is that poor wage performance is largely a problem of the domestic economy, that would have occurred with or without trade. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs141/
- Is Globalization the Force Behind Recent Poor U.S. Wage Performance?: An Analysis
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1992/
- Pay Equity Legislation
- This report begins by showing the trend in the male-female wage gap and by examining the explanations that have been offered for its enduring presence. It next discusses the major laws directed at eliminating sex-based wage discrimination as well as relevant federal court cases. The report closes with a description of pay equity legislation that has been considered by Congress in recent years, including bills introduced in the 111th Congress. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29645/
- Vulnerable Youth: Employment and Job Training Programs
- In an increasingly global economy, and with retirement starting for the Baby Boomer generation, Congress has indicated a strong interest in ensuring that today's young people have the educational attainment and employment experience needed to become highly skilled workers, contributing taxpayers, and successful participants in civic life. Challenges in the economy and among certain youth populations, however, have heightened concern among policymakers that some young people may not be prepared to fill these roles. This report covers this history and current status of governmental assistance in federal youth employment and job training programs. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc85377/
- Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues
- Youth mentoring refers to a relationship between youth—particularly those most at risk of experiencing negative outcomes in adolescence and adulthood—and the adults who support and guide them. The origin of the modern youth mentoring concept is credited to the efforts of charity groups that formed during the Progressive era of the early 1900s to provide practical assistance to poor and juvenile justice-involved youth, including help with finding employment. Issues relevant to the federal role in mentoring include the limitations of research on outcomes for mentored youth, the potential need for additional mentors, grantees' challenges in sustaining funding, and the possible discontinuation of federal mentoring funding. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87334/
- National Security Whistleblowers
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8246/
- Unemployment Benefits: Legislative Issues in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3220/
- Unemployment Benefits: Legislative Issues in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5098/
- Unemployment Benefits: Legislative Issues in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3217/
- Unemployment Benefits: Legislative Issues in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3218/
- Unemployment Benefits: Legislative Issues in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3219/
- Unemployment Benefits: Legislative Issues in the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5099/
- Unemployment Benefits: Legislative Issues in the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5100/
- Unemployment Benefits: Temporary Extended Unemployment Compensation (TEUC) Program
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5111/