Congressional Research Service Reports - 1,190 Matching Results
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- Postal Reform Bills: A Side-by-Side Comparison of H.R. 22 and S. 662
- No Description Available.
- Postal Reform Bills: A Side-by-Side Comparison of H.R. 22 and S. 662
- No Description Available.
- Postal Reform Bills: A Side-by-Side Comparison of H.R. 22 and S. 662
- No Description Available.
- Financing Political Campaigns: Selected References, 1913-1966
- This report cites the references which are related to Financing the Political Campaigns.
- Gasoline Supply: The Role of Imports
- This report contains the role of imports on gasoline supply.
- OPEC Oil Production - Facts and Figures
- In light of 1999's oil production cuts by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and several other non-OPEC members, the characteristics of the world's major oil producers are an important consideration for policymakers. These countries vary in importance as direct suppliers to the U.S. Their ability to add to current world supply varies as well.
- Persian Gulf Oil Trade: Numbers and Issues
- "This report is an overview of the role of Persian Gulf petroleum exporters in world oil supply" (p. iii).
- Changing Causes of the U.S. Trade Deficit
- This documents notes the United States trade deficit and money of household saving, business saving, and private sector saving.
- The 2007-2009 Recession: Similarities to and Differences from the Past
- According to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), the U.S. economy was in a recession for 18 months from December 2007 to June 2009. It was the longest and deepest recession of the post-World War II era. This report provides information on the patterns found across past recessions since World War II to gauge whether and how this recession might be different.
- Business Investment Spending Slowdown
- This report discusses the slowdown in business investment spending over the last decade and various reasons why the slowdown may have occurred.
- Economic Growth and the Business Cycle: Characteristics, Causes, and Policy Implications
- No Description Available.
- Financing the U.S. Trade Deficit: Role of Foreign Governments
- This report provides an overview of the role of foreign governments on financing the U.S. trade deficit.
- Is the U.S. Current Account Deficit Sustainable?
- No Description Available.
- Supervision of U.S. Payment, Clearing, and Settlement Systems: Designation of Financial Market Utilities (FMUs)
- This report outlines the changes to the supervision of key market infrastructure that are embodied in the Dodd-Frank Act. It is intended to be used as a reference for those interested in the financial system's "plumbing," and how the associated systems are currently overseen and regulated.
- Systemically Important or "Too Big to Fail" Financial Institution.
- This report discusses the "To Big To Fail" (TBTF) system of the government intervening and bailing out certain companies whose collapse is deemed too disruptive to the American financial market to let occur. This report discusses the economic issues raised by TBTF, broad policy options, and policy changes made by the relevant Dodd-Frank provisions.
- U.S. Economy in Recession: Similarities To and Differences From the Past
- This report provides information on the patterns found across past recessions since World War II and analyzes whether and how the recession starting in 2007 might be different.
- What Causes a Recession?
- This report discusses causes of recessions and provides data on the length of time economic expansions of the past have lasted.
- Why Has the Economy Become Less Volatile?
- The 2001 recession was unusually mild and brief by historical standards. At 120 months, the expansion that preceded it had been the longest in U.S. history. Is this a coincidence? A body of research concludes that it is not. This report discusses several theories for what caused this phenomenon.
- The Current Economic Recession: How Long, How Deep, and How Different From the Past?
- This report examines the current recession and recessions of the previous three decades in detail. It gives a brief overview of the other post-war recessions. It outlines the fiscal and monetary policy response to each recession. It also looks at theories of why recessions occur. The report concludes by asking the question that many commentators in the news have asked recently: is this recession different from the past?
- The Pattern of Interest Rates: Does it Signal an Impending Recession?
- The cyclical behavior of the economy is of great interest to Congress, yet the onset of an economic downturn is seldom recognized promptly. Policymakers frequently search for reliable recession predictors. The behavior of interest rates may provide advanced warning of an impending downturn. The easing of monetary policy in evidence since September 2007 is consistent with efforts to forestall or minimize an economic downturn. Economic growth has been low since the last quarter of 2007, and some forecasters are now predicting a recession in 2008.
- The Pattern of Interest Rates in 2006: Could It Signal an Impending Recession?
- No Description Available.
- The Pattern of Interest Rates in 2006: Could It Signal an Impending Recession?
- No Description Available.
- The Retirement of the National Debt: Will It Increase the Economic Size of the Federal Government?
- No Description Available.
- Trade Capacity Building: Foreign Assistance for Trade and Development
- This report describes trade capacity building and discusses the history of TCB in foreign assistance. It also provides an overview of U.S. bilateral TCB assistance, as well as multilateral and bilateral TCB assistance from other donors. There is also a discussion of legislation affecting TCB, including appropriations and legislative restrictions on foreign assistance. Finally, this report highlights some of the policy issues concerning TCB.
- An Overview of Air Quality Issues in Natural Gas Systems
- This report provides information on the natural gas industry and the types and sources of air pollutants in the sector. It examines the role of the federal government in regulating these emissions, including the provisions in the Clean Air Act and the regulatory activities of EPA. It concludes with a brief discussion of the aforementioned outstanding issues.
- Energy Tax Policy
- This report discusses the history, current posture, and outlook for federal energy tax policy. It also discusses recent energy tax proposals, focusing on the major energy tax provisions that were debated as part of omnibus energy legislation in the 108th Congress (e.g., H.R. 6), which may be reintroduced in the 109th Congress.
- Energy Tax Policy: An Economic Analysis
- The report provides background on the theory and application of tax policy as it relates to the energy sector, particularly with respect to the theory of market failure in the energy sector and the suggested policy remedies. This background provides a context for understanding how current or proposed energy tax policy may affect other policy objectives or be affected by such objectives.
- Energy Tax Policy: An Economic Analysis
- The report provides background on the theory and application of tax policy as it relates to the energy sector, particularly with respect to the theory of market failure in the energy sector and the suggested policy remedies. This background provides a context for understanding how current or proposed energy tax policy may affect other policy objectives or be affected by such objectives.
- Energy Tax Policy: History and Current Issues
- This report discusses the history, current posture, and outlook for federal energy tax policy. It also discusses current energy tax proposals and major energy tax provisions enacted in the 109th Congress.
- Oil and Gas Tax Subsidies: Current Status and Analysis
- This report discusses these tax provisions. The first section discusses the origin and evolution of the oil and gas tax subsidies that were incorporated into the 2005 act. The second section summarizes each of the oil and gas tax subsidy provisions in the 2005 energy act and reports its corresponding revenue loss estimate. Section three describes other oil and gas tax subsidies and the final section describes several tax provisions that benefit the oil and gas industry.
- The Federal Royalty and Tax Treatment of the Hardrock Mineral Industry: An Economic Analysis
- This report analyzes the economic issues underlying proposals to impose a royalty on hardrock (locatable) minerals on public domain lands. It also discusses the federal tax treatment of the hardrock mineral industry.
- Aviation and the European Union’s Emission Trading Scheme
- Beginning January 1, 2012, most carbon dioxide emissions from commercial flights to, from, and within the European Union are covered by the EU Emission Trading Scheme. This report details why there is a need to address aviation emissions, how the EU's emissions trading scheme works, estimated impacts on U.S. airlines, and related materials.
- Interest Rates Causes and Effects
- This report describes about market and policy forces that describe the general level of interest rates and some rules that generally applicable to any economic environment.
- Federal research and demonstrations in new transit technology: The Morgantown ,west Virginia Project
- This report presents the Federal research and demonstrations in new transit technology between the west Virginia University and Morgantown ,west Virginia.
- Coal Mine Safety and Health
- This report gives an overview of Safety and Health Conditions in the Coal Mining industry, regulatory regime, and Legislative activity ( MINER act and S-MINER act)
- Countercyclical Job Creation Programs
- To counter the effect of recessions on workers, Congress has passed legislation to spur job creation through increased spending on public works (infrastructure) and public service programs, revenue sharing with state governments, and employment tax credits. Although the economic stimulus measure enacted during the 110th Congress did not include these direct job creation approaches, additional spending on infrastructure in particular was considered before Congress recessed. (See CRS Report RL34349, Economic Slowdown: Issues and Policies, coordinated by Jane G. Gravelle et al.) Infrastructure spending continues to be mentioned in the context of a second stimulus package, as do state and local government revenue sharing and a jobs tax credit. The focus of this report is on the four countercyclical job creation approaches and related legislation enacted since the Great Depression's end.
- Economic Growth and the Unemployment Rate
- Issues concerning and which can be influenced by Congress regarding unemployment rates.
- Immigration: The Effects on Low-Skilled and High-Skilled Native-Born Workers
- This report opens with a discussion of how to analyze the impact of immigrants on the pay and job opportunities of native-born workers. It then uses this framework to examine and interpret the empirical literature on the subject. The report concludes with a discussion of policy implications.
- Immigration: The Effects on Native-Born Workers
- This report provides a discussions of how to analyze the impact of immigrants on the pay and job opportunities of native-born workers. It then uses this framework to examine and interpret the empirical literature on the subject. The report concludes with a discussion of policy implications.
- Immigration: The Labor Market Effects of a Guest Worker Program for U.S. Farmers
- This report provides an overview of the labor market effects of a guest worker program for U.S. farmers.
- Immigration: The Labor Market Effects of a Guest Worker Program for U.S. Farmers
- Temporary alien worker programs are meant to assure employers, including growers, of an adequate supply of labor when and where it is needed without adding permanent residents to the U.S. population. Guest worker programs are not supposed to harm the wage and job opportunities of U.S. workers while they alleviate spot labor shortages. President Bush’s proposal of a broad guest worker program has reignited interest in legislation introduced during the 108th Congress that relates specifically to the agricultural industry.
- Job Growth During the Recovery
- Congress in recent years passed a number of bills intended in part to jump-start a recovery in the labor market from the recession that began in December 2007. Policymakers are interested in how employment has responded to stimulus measures to determine how effective the legislation has been and to decide whether additional job creation legislation is warranted. This report discusses this topic in brief.
- Job Growth During the Recovery
- This report analyzes employment data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics from December 2007 to September 2012, including characteristics of job loss and gain within several industries.
- Job Loss and Infrastructure Job Creation During the Recession
- The report examines trends in employment and job loss since the start of the latest recession then focuses on job creation estimates associated with increased spending on infrastructure, placing a heavy emphasis on explaining the limitations with the methodology that is often utilized to develop the estimates.
- Job Loss and Infrastructure Job Creation During the Recession
- This report takes an in-depth look at job creation estimates, including the limitations of the methodology often used to derive them and the difficulties associated with developing job estimates for green infrastructure in particular. The report views these topics in the context of the 2007-2008 recession and its aftermath.
- Job Loss and Infrastructure Job Creation Spending During the Recession
- This report takes an in-depth look at job creation estimates, including the limitations of the methodology often used to derive them and the difficulties associated with developing job estimates for green infrastructure in particular. The report views these topics in the context of the 2007-2008 recession and its aftermath.
- Job Loss and Infrastructure Job Creation Spending During the Recession
- This report takes an in-depth look at job creation estimates, including the limitations of the methodology often used to derive them and the difficulties associated with developing job estimates for green infrastructure in particular. The report views these topics in the context of the 2007-2008 recession and its aftermath. The report closes with a review of what is known to date about the number of jobs supported by infrastructure spending and other provisions in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA, P.L. 111-5).
- Job Loss and Infrastructure Job Creation Spending During the Recession
- This report takes an in-depth look at job creation estimates, including the limitations of the methodology often used to derive them and the difficulties associated with developing job estimates for green infrastructure in particular. The report views these topics in the context of the 2007-2008 recession and its aftermath. The report closes with a review of what is known to date about the number of jobs supported by infrastructure spending and other provisions in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA, P.L. 111-5).
- Job Loss and Infrastructure Job Creation Spending During the Recession
- This report takes an in-depth look at job creation estimates, including the limitations of the methodology often used to derive them and the difficulties associated with developing job estimates for green infrastructure in particular. The report views these topics in the context of the 2007-2008 recession and its aftermath.
- The Labor Market during the Great Depression and the Current Recession
- This report analyzes the labor market experiences of workers during the 1930s, which encompassed the almost five years of the Great Depression. Because it was a period very distant and different from today, considerable time is devoted to examining the employment and unemployment measures available at that time. The report ends by comparing the labor market conditions of the 1930s with those encountered by workers thus far during the recession that began in December 2007.