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1990-1999
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Congressional Research Service Reports
- Legal Issues Related to Livestock Watering in Federal Grazing Districts
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs93/
- Survey of Grazing Programs in Western States
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs283/
- Animal Agriculture: Issues for the 106th Congress
- This report discusses a variety of animal agriculture issues that generated debate during the 106th Congress, including low livestock prices, especially for hogs. Economic difficulties have revived questions such as the impacts of consolidation in the livestock industry, and the price effects of animal imports from Canada and Mexico. This report also discusses a number of legislative proposals to assist livestock producers and enforce sanitary and phytosanitary standards, as well as continuing trade disputes and negotiations with China, the European Union, New Zealand, and Australia. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs833/
- Cattle Prices: Questions and Answers
- After 7 years of relatively high returns, cattle producers by 1994 were experiencing steeply falling prices--mainly caused by abundant supplies of cattle destined for U.S. feedlots. Record-high grain prices and dry pastures amplified the problem. Because of the lengthy biological cycle governing cattle production, large numbers will be coming onto the market for some time, as producers undertake the slow process of curtailing herd expansion. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs290/
- Farm and Food Support Under USDA's Section 32 Program
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs839/
- Farm Commodity Legislation: Chronology, 1933-98
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs830/
- Federal Farm Promotion ("Check-off") Programs
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs277/
- Hog Prices: Questions and Answers
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs837/
- Humane Treatment of Farm Animals: Overview and Selected Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6964/
- An Introduction to Farm Commodity Programs
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs91/
- Wheat, Feed Grains, Cotton, Rice, and Oilseeds Provisions of the Enacted 1996 Farm Bill
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs279/
- Agricultural Exports: Technical Barriers to Trade
- Technical barriers to trade (TBTs) are widely divergent measures that countries use to regulate rnarkets, protect their consumers, and preserve natural resources, but which can also discriminate against imports in favor of domestic products. Most TBTs in agriculture are sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures designed to protect humans, animals, and plants from contaminants, diseases, and pests. In the wake of new trade agreements aimed at reducing tariffs, import quotas, and other trade barriers, TBTs have become more prominent concerns for agricultural exporters and policymakers. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs380/
- Agricultural Marketing and Regulatory Provisions of the 1996 Farm Bill
- The Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-127), signed into law on April 4, for the first time grants the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) broad-based authority to establish national generic promotion ("check-off") programs for virtually any agricultural commodity. Formerly, individual programs first had to be authorized expressly by Congress. The new law also explicitly authorizes the establishment of new check-off programs for rapeseed and canola, kiwifruit, and popcorn. Other provisions require USDA to establish a new meat and poultry inspection advisory committee; deal with the collection of user fees for the inspection of agricultural imports; and authorize new guidelines to protect horses being transported to slaughter facilities, among other things. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs280/
- The Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act (PACA)
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs841/
- Aquaculture and the Federal Role
- Aquaculture is broadly defined as the production of fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants in a controlled environment. This report discusses the growth of U.S. aquaculture in the decade preceding 1993, and the subsequent debate about what role, if any, the Federal Government should play in supporting the industry. Relevant legislation and policies are also discussed. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs43/
- Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 105th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs742/
- The Economics of Agricultural Policy
- An English Act of 1663 imposed a duty on grain imported from abroad whenever the domestic price was below a legislatively set price floor. The English farmer enjoyed a virtual monopoly in the domestic market. By the same token, he was allowed to export grain whenever the domestic price exceeded the price floor, and, after 1673, was granted a bounty (subsidy) on grain exports. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs21/
- Appropriations for FY1999: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies
- Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Agriculture Appropriations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs665/
- Appropriations for FY2000: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies
- Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Agriculture Appropriations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs978/
- Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Congressional Action, 1988-June 1999
- Between 1988 and June 1999, thirteen emergency supplemental or farm disaster acts provided a total of $17 billion in emergency funding for U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs. The vast majority of this amount has gone directly to farmers, primarily in the form of disaster payments ($12.2 billion) to any farmer suffering a significant crop loss caused by a natural disaster, and "market loss" payments ($3.1 billion) to help grain, cotton, and dairy farmers recover from low farm commodity prices. The remaining $1.7 billion has gone to a wide array of other USDA programs, including those for other forms of farm disaster assistance, farm loans, and overseas food aid. Congress is expected to consider a multi-billion financial assistance package for farmers sometime this year. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs840/
- Farm Disaster Assistance: USDA Programs and Recent Legislative Action
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs639/
- Food and Agriculture Provisions in the FY1997 Supplemental Appropriations Act
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs442/
- Managing Farm Risk in a New Policy Era
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs831/
- The U.S. Department of Agriculture: Appropriations for FY1997
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs327/
- Grazing Fees: An Overview
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs281/
- Grazing Fees and Rangeland Management
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs519/
- Tobacco Advertising: The Constitutionality of Limiting its Tax Deductibility
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs508/
- Tobacco Advertising: Whether the FDA's Restrictions Violate Freedom of Speech
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs402/
- Tobacco Marketing and Advertising Restrictions in S. 1415, 105th Congress: First Amendment Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs512/
- Tobacco Marketing and Advertising Restrictions in S. 1648, 105th Congress: First Amendment Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs509/
- Tobacco Issues: National Public Opinion
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs510/
- Attorneys' Fees in the State Tobacco Litigation Cases
- In the past few years, many states have filed complaints against the tobacco industry in state court to recover Medicaid costs paid by the states to treat their citizens for tobacco related illnesses. The states are also attempting to recover other damages, such as punitive damages, against the tobacco industry. For various reasons, the states have hired private attorneys to assist the state Attorneys General in prosecuting these cases. In most cases, the retention of private counsel has included a fee agreement specifying the amount of compensation that these attorneys will receive for their services. These agreements are not uniform among the states, but most tend to provide some form of contingency fee arrangement. Some of these states have developed a sliding scale contingency fee schedule which varies with the amount of time spent on the litigation and whether a trial has begun. This report briefly summarizes the different fee agreements that the states have with private counsel. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs377/
- China's Most-Favored-Nation Status: U.S. Wheat Exports
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs160/
- China's Most-Favored-Nation Status: U.S. Wheat Exports
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs79/
- The 1996 Farm Bill: Comparisons of Selected Provisions with Previous Law
- Final congressional approval was given to H.R. 2854, the Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act, otherwise known as the "1996 farm bill," on March 28, 1996. President Clinton signed the bill into law on April 4, 1996 (P.L. 104-127). In tabular format, this CRS report lays out in descriptive, rather than legislative language, the major provisions of the new farm bill in contrast to preceding law. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs278/
- U.S. Agriculture and the International Monetary Fund
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs514/
- U.S.-European Agricultural Trade: Food Safety and Biotechnology Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs518/
- U.S. Farm Income: Recent National and Regional Changes and the Federal Response
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs517/
- Food and Agriculture Issues in the 105th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs520/
- Food and Agriculture: Prospective Issues in the 105th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs448/
- FY1997 USDA Budget: Food and Nutrition Programs
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs324/
- FY1998 USDA Budget and Appropriations: Domestic Food Programs
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs443/
- Farm Commodity Programs: Sugar
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs511/
- The U.S. Tobacco Industry in Domestic and World Markets
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs513/
- Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: Methyl Bromide Control Measures
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs378/
- Sustainable Agriculture
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs173/
- The 1995 Farm Bill: Research, Education, and Extension Issues
- The House Agriculture Committee has proposed extending Title XVI of the 1990 farm act (P.L. 101-624) for two years. Currently, the title will expire at the end of 1995. The title includes funding authority for the U.s. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) in-house research programs, as well as federal support for cooperative research, higher education, extension programs in the States, and several research grant programs. This report discusses efforts underway to extend this title and reform future legislation. It also outlines federal spending in these areas. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs285/
- Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Issues in the 105th Congress
- The public agricultural research, education, and extension system is comprised of a nationwide network of federal and state agricultural research laboratories and departments, land grant Colleges of Agriculture, colleges of forestry and veterinary medicine, and the nationwide Cooperative Extension System. Although the basic authority to conduct agricultural research and extension programs is permanent, Congress since 1977 has provided funding authority and policy guidance for USDA's in-house research programs, and for federal support for cooperative research, higher education, and extension programs in the states, through a title contained in omnibus farm legislation. This report discusses specific pieces of such legislation and details certain agricultural and food-related appropriations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10006/
- Agricultural Research, Education, Extension and Economics Programs: A Primer
- The 105th Congress is undertaking a thorough review of federal laws and policies affecting the nationwide system of federal and state agricultural research laboratories and agencies, the land grant Colleges of Agriculture and related schools of forestry and veterinary medicine, and the continuing education programs of the Cooperative Extension System. In preparation for hearings and subsequent debate on these subjects, this report provides an overview of all the components of the system, its major programs, and its funding. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs375/
- Tobacco Control: Enforcement and Effectiveness of Federal and State Youth Access Laws
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs515/