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Congressional Research Service Reports
- Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Issues and Legislative Options
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9433/
- Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Issues and Legislative Options
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9432/
- Science and Technology Policy: Issues for the 109th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9378/
- Spyware: Background and Policy Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9366/
- Digital Television: An Overview
- Digital television (DTV) is a new television service representing the most significant development in television technology since the advent of color television in the 1950s. DTV can provide sharper pictures, a wider screen, CD-quality sound, better color rendition, and other new services currently being developed. A successful deployment of DTV requires: the development by content providers of compelling digital programming; the delivery of digital signals to consumers by broadcast television stations, as well as cable and satellite television systems; and the widespread purchase and adoption by consumers of digital television equipment. A key issue in the Congressional debate over the digital transition has been addressing the millions of American over-the-air households whose existing analog televisions will require converter boxes in order to receive digital signals when the analog signal is turned off. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9335/
- Internet: An Overview of Key Technology Policy Issues Affecting Its Use and Growth
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9327/
- State and Local Sales and Use Taxes and Internet Commerce
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9320/
- Internet Commerce and State Sales and Use Taxes
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9285/
- Cybercrime: An Overview of the Federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Statute and Related Federal Criminal Laws
- The federal computer fraud and abuse statute, 18 U.S.C. 1030, protects federal computers, bank computers, and computers used in interstate and foreign commerce. It shields them from trespassing, threats, damage, espionage, and from being corruptly used as instruments of fraud. It is not a comprehensive provision, but instead it fills crack and gaps in the protection afforded by other federal criminal laws. This is a brief sketch of section 1030 and some of its federal statutory companions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9303/
- Access to Broadband Networks
- The purpose of this report is to provide a more concrete discussion of access to wireline broadband networks. To that end, this report provides a discussion of what broadband networks look like; how both consumers and independent applications providers gain access to these networks; and the parameters available to network providers (such as their choices about network architecture, overall bandwidth capacity, bandwidth reserved for their own use, traffic prioritization, the terms and rates for access to their networks and for their retail services) that can affect end users’ and independent applications providers’ access to those networks. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9306/
- Technology Transfer And National Security Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9232/
- Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Issues and Legislative Options
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9227/
- Patent Reform: Issues in the Biomedical and Software Industries
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9214/
- Intercarrier Compensation: One Component of Telecom Reform
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9128/
- Federal Enterprise Architecture and E-Government: Issues for Information Technology Management
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9154/
- Education Proposals in Trade Competitiveness Legislation
- Improvement on America's competitive position in international trade is one of the major issues confronting the 100th Congress. Most legislative proposals have included provisions for increasing the funding levels for Federal education programs, expanding current programs, or authorizing new programs. The primary goal is to improve the productivity of the Nation's workers by raising the skill level of the workforce. Discussions about education's role i n addressing the competitiveness issue have included the contribution of education to productivity growth, comparisons of the educational achievement of American school children with that of their peers in other nations , the educational needs of illiterate adults , and the role of technology in education. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9072/
- Digital Surveillance: The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
- The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA, P.L. 103- 414, 47 USC 1001-1010), enacted October 25, 1994, is intended to preserve the ability of law enforcement officials to conduct electronic surveillance effectively and efficiently despite the deployment of new digital technologies and wireless services that have altered the character of electronic surveillance. CALEA requires telecommunications carriers to modify their equipment, facilities, and services, wherever reasonably achievable, to ensure that they are able to comply with authorized electronic surveillance actions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9149/
- Constitutionality of Requiring Sexually Explicit Material on the Internet to be Under a Separate Domain Name
- It is unclear whether making a “.xxx” domain mandatory would violate the First Amendment. Some propose making use of a “.xxx” domain voluntary, but others propose that Congress make it mandatory. The latter proposal raises the question whether a mandatory separate domain would violate the First Amendment, and this report focuses on that question. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9146/
- Constitutionality of Proposals to Prohibit the Sale or Rental to Minors of Video Games with Violent or Sexual Content or "Strong Language"
- It has been proposed that Congress prohibit the sale or rental to minors of video games that are rated “M” (mature) or “AO” (adults-only) by the Entertainment Software Ratings Board. This board is a non-governmental entity established by the Interactive Digital Software Association, and its ratings currently have no legal effect. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9144/
- Data Security: Federal and State Laws
- Security breaches involving electronic personal data have come to light largely as a result of the California Security Breach Notification Act, a California notification law that went into effect in 2003. In response, the states and some Members have introduced bills that would require companies to notify persons affected by such security breaches. By December 2005, 35 states had introduced data security legislation and 22 states had enacted data security laws. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9022/
- Data Security: Federal Legislative Approaches
- This report discusses the core areas addressed in federal legislation, including the scope of coverage (who is covered and what information is covered); data privacy and security safeguards for sensitive personal information; requirements for security breach notification (when, how, triggers, frequency, and exceptions); restrictions on social security numbers (collection, use, and sale); credit freezes on consumer reports; identity theft penalties; causes of action; and preemption. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9019/
- Net Neutrality: Background and Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8960/
- Superconductivity: An Overview
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8883/
- Superconductivity Research and Technology in the Federal Government
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8882/
- Superconducting Super Collider: Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8881/
- Superconducting Super Collider
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8880/
- The Federal Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program: Funding Issues and Activities
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8930/
- Broadband Internet Regulation and Access: Background and Issues
- This is one part in the series of reports that provide a background and analysis, and most recent developments regarding broadband or high-speed Internet access. The report starts out by answering questions; what is broadband and why is it important? This report also discusses broadband technologies, the status of broadband deployment and the related policy issues, as well as the legislation in congress. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8929/
- Spyware: Background and Policy Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8732/
- Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8729/
- Cooperative R&D: Federal Efforts to Promote Industrial Competitiveness
- In response to the foreign challenge in the global marketplace, the United States Congress has explored ways to stimulate technological advancement in the private sector. The government has supported various efforts to promote cooperative research and development activities among industry, universities, and the federal R&D establishment designed to increase the competitiveness of American industry and to encourage the generation of new products, processes, and services. Among the issues before Congress are whether joint ventures contribute to industrial competitiveness and what role, if any, the government has in facilitating such arrangements. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8728/
- Broadband Internet Access: Background and Issues
- From a public policy perspective, the goals are to ensure that broadband deployment is timely, that industry competes fairly, and that service is provided to all sectors and geographical locations of American society. The federal government -- through Congress and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) -- is seeking to ensure fair competition among the players so that broadband will be available and affordable in a timely manner to all Americans who want it. While the FCC's position is not to intervene at this time, some assert that legislation is necessary to ensure fair competition and timely broadband deployment. One proposal would ease certain legal restrictions and requirements, imposed by the Telecommunications Act of 1996, on incumbent telephone companies who provide high speed data (broadband) access. Another proposal would compel cable companies to provide "open access" to competing Internet service providers. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8722/
- Broadband Internet Access: Background and Issues
- From a public policy perspective, the goals are to ensure that broadband deployment is timely, that industry competes fairly, and that service is provided to all sectors and geographical locations of American society. The federal government -- through Congress and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) -- is seeking to ensure fair competition among the players so that broadband will be available and affordable in a timely manner to all Americans who want it. While the FCC's position is not to intervene at this time, some assert that legislation is necessary to ensure fair competition and timely broadband deployment. One proposal would ease certain legal restrictions and requirements, imposed by the Telecommunications Act of 1996, on incumbent telephone companies who provide high speed data (broadband) access. Another proposal would compel cable companies to provide "open access" to competing Internet service providers. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8725/
- Broadband Internet Regulation and Access: Background and Issues
- This is one part in the series of reports that provide a background and analysis, and most recent developments regarding broadband or high-speed Internet access. The report starts out by answering questions; what is broadband and why is it important? This report also discusses broadband technologies, the status of broadband deployment and the related policy issues, as well as the legislation in congress. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8747/
- Information Services for Agriculture: The Role of Technology
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8510/
- Science and Technology Policy: Issues for the 109th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8584/
- Broadband Internet Access and the Digital Divide: Federal Assistance Programs
- Some policymakers, believing that disparities in broadband access across American society could have adverse economic and social consequences on those left behind, assert that the federal government should play a more active role to avoid a “digital divide” in broadband access. One approach is for the federal government to provide financial assistance to support broadband deployment in underserved areas. Others, however, believe that federal assistance for broadband deployment is not appropriate. Some opponents question the reality of the “digital divide,” and argue that federal intervention in the broadband marketplace would be premature and, in some cases, counterproductive. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8576/
- Internet Development and Information Control in the People's Republic of China
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8478/
- Technology Transfer: Use of Federally Funded Research and Development
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8454/
- The Federal Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program: Funding Issues and Activities
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8451/
- High Performance Computers and Export Control Policy: Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8353/
- Data Mining and Homeland Security: An Overview
- Data mining is emerging as one of the key features of many homeland security initiatives. Often used as a means for detecting fraud, assessing risk, and product retailing, data mining involves the use of data analysis tools to discover previously unknown, valid patterns and relationships in large data sets. This report discusses the data mining uses (i.e. Terrorism Information Awareness (TIA) Program) and issues (i.e. data quality, interoperability, privacy), as well as the limitations of data mining. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8349/
- Personal Data Security Breaches: Context and Incident Summaries
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8258/
- Broadband Internet Regulation and Access: Background and Issues
- This is one part in the series of reports that provide a background and analysis, and most recent developments regarding broadband or high-speed Internet access. The report starts out by answering questions; what is broadband and why is it important? This report also discusses broadband technologies, the status of broadband deployment and the related policy issues, as well as the legislation in congress. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8296/
- Computer Services Personnel: Overtime Pay Under the Fair Labor Standards Act
- The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA), as amended, is the primary federal statute in the area of minimum wages and overtime pay. Through administrative rulemaking, the Secretary of Labor has established two tests through which to define eligibility under the Section 13(a)(1) exemption: a duties test and an earnings test. In the 106th Congress, legislation was introduced by Representatives Andrews and Lazio that would have increased the scope of the exemption: first, by expanding the range of exempt job titles, and then, through a relative reduction in the value of the earnings threshold or test. For example, were the minimum wage increased to $6.15 per hour, as pending proposals would do, the value of the computer services exemption threshold would be 4.5 times the federal minimum wage. Ultimately, neither bill was enacted, but the issue has re-emerged as H.R. 1545 (Andrews) and H.R. 546 (Quinn). digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8222/
- Internet Taxation: Issues and Legislation in the 109th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8277/
- Digital Television: An Overview
- Digital television (DTV) is a new television service representing the most significant development in television technology since the advent of color television in the 1950s. DTV can provide sharper pictures, a wider screen, CD-quality sound, better color rendition, and other new services currently being developed. A successful deployment of DTV requires: the development by content providers of compelling digital programming; the delivery of digital signals to consumers by broadcast television stations, as well as cable and satellite television systems; and the widespread purchase and adoption by consumers of digital television equipment. A key issue in the Congressional debate over the digital transition has been addressing the millions of American over-the-air households whose existing analog televisions will require converter boxes in order to receive digital signals when the analog signal is turned off. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8108/
- Digital Television: An Overview
- Digital television (DTV) is a new television service representing the most significant development in television technology since the advent of color television in the 1950s. DTV can provide sharper pictures, a wider screen, CD-quality sound, better color rendition, and other new services currently being developed. A successful deployment of DTV requires: the development by content providers of compelling digital programming; the delivery of digital signals to consumers by broadcast television stations, as well as cable and satellite television systems; and the widespread purchase and adoption by consumers of digital television equipment. A key issue in the Congressional debate over the digital transition has been addressing the millions of American over-the-air households whose existing analog televisions will require converter boxes in order to receive digital signals when the analog signal is turned off. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8025/
- Internet: An Overview of Key Technology Policy Issues Affecting Its Use and Growth
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8012/
- Internet Development and Information Control in the People's Republic of China
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7946/