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Recently Expired Individual Tax Provisions (Tax Extenders"): In Brief

Description: This report provides background information on individual income tax provisions that expired in 2016. Information on costs associated with extending individual income tax expired provisions is provided in Table 1. The provisions that were extended in the PATH Act were extended for two years, retroactive for 2015 and through 2016. The estimated cost to make expired provisions permanent is as reported by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). The CBO reports estimated deficit effects of extending… more
Date: August 23, 2017
Creator: Sherlock, Molly F.; Keightley, Mark P.; Gravelle, Jane G.; Lowry, Sean & Driessen, Grant A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Corporate Tax Reform: Issues for Congress

Description: This report provides an overview of corporate tax issues and discusses potential reforms in the context of these issues, with particular attention to some of the research concerning large behavioral responses and their implications for revenue and distribution. The first section reviews the size and history of the corporate income tax, and discusses an important issue that has been given little attention by those who propose deep cuts in the corporate tax: its role in preventing the use of the … more
Date: September 22, 2017
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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FATCA Reporting on U.S. Accounts: Recent Legal Developments

Description: This report discusses the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FACTA) intended to curb tax evasion through the use of offshore accounts and its requirement to for foreign banks to report information on their U.S. citizen account holders to the IRS. It starts with an overview of the foreign financial instituition (FFI) reporting requirements and examines the role of the intergovernmental agreements (IGAs) in implementing them. The report then discusses the confidentiality protections provided to … more
Date: September 7, 2016
Creator: Lunder, Erika K. & Pettit, Carol A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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PILT (Payments in Lieu of Taxes): Somewhat Simplified

Description: This report discusses the Payment in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) program that compensates local jurisdictions (generally counties) for lost tax property tax revenue due to the presence of federal lands in their county. It covers all NPS, NFS, and BLM lands, some National Wildlife Refuge lands, and a few military lands. The payment calculations are based on a complicated five part system and the program has been criticized for paying vastly different amounts to some counties with similar land amounts a… more
Date: October 5, 2017
Creator: Hoover, Katie
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Import Tariff or Border Tax: What is the Difference and Why Does it Matter?

Description: This report briefly describes the difference between import tariffs and border taxes and whether the President may unilaterally impose them without congressional approval.
Date: January 30, 2017
Creator: Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Border-Adjusted Consumption Taxes and Exchange Rate Movements: Theory and Evidence

Description: This report provides a basic framework for understanding how and why exchange rates could respond to a Border-Adjusted Tax (BAT). It first describes a BAT(which does not tax exports) and uses several examples to illustrate how one works. It then summarizes the standard economic theory of how exchange rates should respond to a BAT, as well as the arguments against the theoretical predictions. Finally, this report reviews the existing literature that has empirically investigated the relationship… more
Date: April 18, 2017
Creator: Driessen, Grant A. & Keightley, Mark P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The "Better Way" House Tax Plan: An Economic Analysis

Description: This report describes current tax law and the proposed changes under the Better Way tax reform blueprint. It discusses economic efficiency, distributional and equity issues, administrative and compliance issues, revenue effects, and other tax-related issues.
Date: August 3, 2017
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Reform of U.S. International Taxation: Alternatives

Description: This report describes and assesses the principal prescriptions that have been offered for broad reform of the international system.3 It begins with an overview of current law and possible revisions. It then sets the framework for considering economic efficiency as well as tax shelter activities. Finally, it reviews alternative approaches to revision in light of those issues.
Date: August 1, 2017
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Patent Boxes: A Primer

Description: This report looks at several aspects of patent boxes, including their general purpose. In addition, the report looks at the key considerations in designing a patent box, identifies the countries that currently have a patent box, describes the main elements of those boxes, and sheds light on the U.S. industries that would be likely to benefit the most from such a tax subsidy if the United States were to adopt one. The final two sections discuss what is known about the effectiveness of patent box… more
Date: May 1, 2017
Creator: Guenther, Gary
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Individual Mandate for Health Insurance Coverage: In Brief

Description: This report provides an overview of the individual mandate, its associated penalty, and the exemptions from the mandate. It discusses the ACA reporting requirements designed, in part, to assist individuals in providing evidence of having met the mandate. The report includes some national- and state-level data on the application of the mandate's penalty in tax year (TY) 2014 and TY2015.
Date: October 11, 2017
Creator: Mach, Annie L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Corporate Expatriation, Inversions, and Mergers: Tax Issues

Description: This report discusses corporate inversions and mergers; these actions change the parent company to one based in another country with a low tax rate to avoid paying U.S. corporate taxes. It discusses past attempts and legislation outlawing varying forms of inversion, the most recent regulations issued by the Treasury Department to decrease inversions, and policy options that would remove the incentive for companies to invert.
Date: August 17, 2017
Creator: Marples, Donald J. & Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS): OECD Tax Proposals

Description: This report first reviews the basics of international tax rules. It then discusses the various action items organized into Action Item 1, which relates to the digital economy and proposes standards only with respect to VATS; Action Items 2-5, 7, and 8-10, items related primarily to profit shifting; Action Item 5, which relates to harmful tax practices; Action Item 6, regarding tax treaties; and Action Items 11-15, which are primarily administrative in nature.
Date: July 24, 2017
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Excise Tax on High-Cost Employer- Sponsored Health Insurance: Estimated Economic and Market Effects

Description: This report examines several issues related to health insurance: it evaluates the potential of the Cadillac tax to affect health insurance coverage (and, therefore, the health market), and examines the expected incidence (burden) of the tax--that is, which group will pay the price of the tax.
Date: January 12, 2017
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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U.S. International Corporate Taxation: Basic Concepts and Policy Issues

Description: This report provides a general introduction to the basic concepts and issues relevant to the U.S. international corporate tax system. The explanations provided in this report emphasize the underlying concepts of the international tax system and are intended to be as simplified as possible.
Date: December 21, 2016
Creator: Keightley, Mark P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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An Overview of Recent Tax Reform Proposals

Description: This report provides a review of legislative tax reform proposals introduced since the 113th Congress. Several proposals have already been introduced in the 115th Congress to replace the current income tax system.
Date: February 28, 2017
Creator: Keightley, Mark P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Internet Tax Freedom Act: In Brief

Description: This report discusses the Internet Tax Freedom Act (ITFA; P.L. 105-277) enacted in 1998, which implemented a three-year moratorium preventing state and local governments from taxing Internet access, or imposing multiple or discriminatory taxes on electronic commerce.
Date: April 13, 2016
Creator: Stupak, Jeffrey M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Internet Sales and State Taxes: Policy Issues

Description: This report discusses Internet sales, which do not always include sales and use tax. Customers who do not pay sales or use tax to the vendor are typically required to remit the tax to their home state.
Date: December 1, 2016
Creator: Lowry, Sean & Lunder, Erika K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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EU State Aid and Apple's Taxes

Description: This report discusses the recent investigations by the European Union (EU) regarding claims that certain countries had provided illegal state aid via favorable tax rulings.
Date: September 2, 2016
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Spending and Tax Expenditures: Distinctions and Major Programs

Description: This report identifies the largest spending and tax expenditures across eight major categories of federal activity: (1) defense and international affairs; (2) general science, space and technology, natural resources and the environment, and agriculture; (3) commerce and housing, community and regional development, and transportation; (4) education, training, employment, and social services; (5) health, including Medicare; (6) income security; (7) Social Security and veterans' benefits; and (8) … more
Date: June 17, 2016
Creator: Driessen, Grant A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Mileage-Based Road User Charges

Description: This report examines mileage-based user charges as an possible source of highway funding. Federal highway and public transportation programs are funded mainly by taxes on motor fuel that flow into the Highway Trust Fund (HTF). The tax rates, set on a per-gallon basis, have not been raised since 1993, and motor fuel tax receipts have been insufficient to support the transportation programs authorized by Congress since FY2008.
Date: June 22, 2016
Creator: Kirk, Robert S. & Levinson, Marc
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Tax Reform in the 114th Congress: An Overview of Proposals

Description: This report provides background information regarding tax reform and discusses ways to make the U.S. tax system simpler, fairer, and more efficient.
Date: March 18, 2016
Creator: Sherlock, Molly F. & Keightley, Mark P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Excise Tax on High-Cost Employer-Sponsored Health Coverage: In Brief

Description: This report provides an overview of the excise tax. The report includes cost estimates for the excise tax and explores the excise tax's relationship with the tax advantages for employer-sponsored health coverage. The information in this report is based on statute and two notices issued by the Department of the Treasury (Treasury) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
Date: March 24, 2016
Creator: Mach, Annie L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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