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- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Controversies for the 109th Congress
- This report provides information about Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) and controversies for the 109th congress.
- Attempt To Commit A Federal Crime: S. 171, A Proposed General Statute
- There is no general federal statute proscribing criminal attempts; the federal criminal statutes are written in such a manner so as to include only the attempt to commit a specific substantive crime or substantive offense. Therefore, a specific in intent crime would require that the offender specifically intended to devise a scheme intended to commit the crime. The government, on the other hand, must present proof by inferences from the circumstances that the offender possessed the specific intent to commit the crime. This approach to the law has led to a patchwork of attempt statutes- leaving gaps in coverage, and failing to satisfactorily define exactly what constitutes an attempt in all circumstances an attempt in all circumstances. It is also the intent of the legislation to fill the gaps found in the current attempt statutes. This report will be updated if legislative activity warrant.
- Selected Environmental Provisions in the Energy Bill (H.R. 6/S. 2095)
- This report provides a short discussion of selected environmental provisions involving limits on the use of MTBE; a renewable fuel mandate for gasoline; stricter regulation of underground storage tanks; Clean Water Act requirements for oil and gas exploration; incentives and R&D funding for alternative fuels and vehicles; energy efficiency and conservation incentives; hydroelectric relicensing; ozone compliance deadlines; use of mining wastes; and hydraulic fracturing.
- Appropriations for FY2000: Legislative Branch
- This report addresses Legislative Branch Appropriations for FY2000 passed on June 10, 1999.
- EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude
- This report is categorized into six categories: (I) U.S. Interests, (II) The Framework of U.S.-EU Economics Ties, (III) U.S.-EU Trade in Goods and Service, (IV) U.S.-EU Investment Flows and Positions, (V) Conclusions and Policy Implications and (VI) CRS Reports.
- Energy Policy: 113th Congress Issues
- This report discusses energy policy in the United States that focus on three major goals: assuring a secure supply of energy, keeping energy costs low, and protecting the environment.
- Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP): Implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act
- This report is intended to provide an overview of the Adequate Yearly Process (AYP) concept and several related issues, a description of the AYP provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act, and an analysis of the implementation of these provisions by the U.S. Department of Education (ED) and the states. It will be updated when major administrative actions are taken by ED, or substantial new data on state implementation become available.
- The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): Legislative Issues
- The earned income tax credit began in 1975 as a temporary program to return a portion of the Social Security taxes paid by lower-income taxpayers, and has made permanent in 1978. In the 1990s, the program was transformed into a major component of federal efforts to reduce poverty, and is now the largest anti-poverty entitlement program.
- Energy Policy: 113th Congress Issues
- This report discusses the energy policy in the United States that focuses on three major goals: assuring a secure supply of energy, Keeping energy costs low, and protecting the environment.
- Deregulating Genetically Engineered Alfalfa and Sugar Beets: Legal and Administrative Responses
- Monsanto Corporation, the developer of herbicide-tolerant varieties of genetically engineered alfalfa and sugar beet petitioned USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for the regulation of the items. Deregulation of genetically engineered plants is the final step in the commercialization process. Monsanto filed a petition for deregulation of its genetically engineered alfalfa in 2004, and for genetically engineered sugar beets in 2005.
- Congressional Adoption of Vine
- This report covers what the social media app "Vine" does along with statistics of Vine's usage by members of Congress.
- The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA): Policy Issues
- This report is categorized into three categories: (I) Basic Provisions of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), (II) Eligibility for FMLA Leave, and (III) FMLA Policy Issues.
- Distributional Effects of Taxes on Corporate Profits, Investment Income, and Estates
- Recent tax reductions reduce the effective tax rate on capital income in several different ways. Taxes on capital arise from individual taxes on dividends, interest, capital gains, and income from non-corporate businesses. This report contains data on the distribution of income by type and class, shifting the incidence of taxes, the effect of the savings response, and related information.
- Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties for Inflation
- This report summarizes and discusses potential adjustments in civil monetary penalties. The report covers the history of both legislation and enforcement on this issue which is central to the deciding how to enforce civil monetary penalties. The report identifies three courses of action that include either maintaining the status quo, adjusting civil monetary penalty maximums through legislation, or implementing some of the recommendations in the General Accounting Office's (GAO) report.
- Foreign Relations Authorization, FY2004 and FY2005: State Department and Foreign Assistance
- The foreign relations process dovetails with the annual appropriation process for the Department of State and foreign policy/foreign aid activities. Congress is required by law to authorize the spending of appropriations for the State Department and foreign policy activities every two years. This report contains information on foreign relations, defense trade and security assistance, and foreign assistance discussed by Congress in FY2004 and FY2005.
- Special Provisions for Religion in the Tax Code
- This report lists a number of tax provisions which accommodate religious groups in a special way. There is no attempt to analyze these provisions, other than to briefly note the special treatment.
- Special Rules and Options for Regulating the Amending Process
- This report identifies the most common kinds of modifications recommended by the Rules Committee in terms used by the committee.
- Campaign Finance: Constitutional and Legal Issues of Soft Money
- This report is categorized into seven categories: (I) Most recent developments, (II) Background and Analysis, (III) Definitions of Hard and Soft Money in Federal Elections, (IV) Political Party Soft Money, (V) Corporate and Labor Union Soft Money, (VI) Soft Money Spent on Issue Advocacy and (VII) Selected 107th Congress Legislation.
- Excise Tax on High-Cost Employer-Sponsored Health Coverage: In Brief
- This report discusses about the Excise Tax on High-Cost Employer-Sponsored Health Coverage, Cost Estimate and Relationship to the Tax Exclusion for Employer-Sponsored Insurance.
- Internet Gambling: Two Approaches in the 109th Congress
- This report is a brief summary of the two approaches related to the internet gambling in the 109th Congress.
- Environmental Laws: Summaries of Major Statutes Administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- No Description Available.
- Health Expenditures in 2005. September 2007
- This report focuses on expenditures for personal health care, since these goods and services constitute most spending on health-related activities.
- Crime Victims’ Rights Act: A Summary and Legal Analysis of 18 U.S.C. 3771
- This report will be revised as circumstances warrant and is available as abridged--without quotations marks, footnotes, appendices, and most of the citations to authority-- as CRS Report RS22518, Crime victims' Right Act: A Sketch of 18 U.S.C. 3771, by Charles Doyle.
- Federal Support for Academic Research
- This report is categorized into seven categories: (I) Introduction, (II) Higher Education and the Research Mission, (III) University Research-Industry Partnerships, (IV) The Changing Institutional Context of Research, (V) Distribution of Funding for Academic Research and Development, (VI) The National Academies' Committee on Research Universities and (VI) Policy Considerations.
- Department of Transportation (DOT): FY2016 Appropriations
- This report is categorized into four categories: (I) Introduction, (II) Understanding the DOTA Appropriations Act, (III) DOT Funding Trend, (IV) DOT FY2016 Appropriations.
- Islamic Religious Schools, Madrasas: Background. January 2008
- This report provides an overview of madrasas, their role in the Muslim world, and issues related to their alleged links to terrorism.
- Blue-Slipping: The Origination Clause in the House of Representatives
- This report presents the The Origination Clause in the House of Representatives through the House's primary method known as Blue-Slipping.
- Breastfeeding and Jury Duty: State Laws, Court Rules, and Related Issues
- This report discusses the State Laws, Court Rules, and Related Issues related to Breastfeeding and Jury Duty.
- Cybersecurity: CRS Experts
- This report contains the table that provides names and contact information for CRS experts on policy issues related to cyber security bills currently being debated in the 112th Congress.
- United Nations System Funding: Congressional Issues
- This report includes information regarding congressional issues with United Nations system funding. Topics of discussion include U.N. assessed budgets, voluntary programs, and peacekeeping operations.
- CRS Issue Statement on Climate Change
- This report discusses the congressional activities that have included ratification of the UNFCCC (1992), enactment of implementing legislation and funding of research and development of climate change.
- Deregulating Genetically Engineered Alfalfa and Sugar Beets: Legal and Administrative Responses
- Monsanto Corporation, the developer of herbicide-tolerant varieties of genetically engineered alfalfa and sugar beet petitioned USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for the regulation of the items. Deregulation of genetically engineered plants is the final step in the commercialization process. Monsanto filed a petition for deregulation of its genetically engineered alfalfa in 2004, and for genetically engineered sugar beets in 2005.
- Committee System Rules Changes in the House, 108th Congress
- This fact sheet details changes in the committee system contained in H. Res. 5, the rules of the House for the 108th Congress, adopted by the House January 7, 2003. It contains information on the committee organization and structure, committee procedure, and committee staff.
- Child Labor in America: History, Policy, and Legislative Issues
- The history of child labor in America is long and unsavory. It dates back to the founding of the United States. Traditionally, most children, except for the privileged few, has always worked - either for their parents or for an outside employer. Through the years, however, child labor practices have changed. This report details the history of child labor in American, the Child Labor Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, the re-emergence of the child labor issue in the late 20th century, and child labor initiatives in the 108th-112th Congresses.
- Conservation Compliance and U.S. Farm Policy
- The report discusses the Food Security Act of 1985 that included a number of significant conservation provisions designed to reduce production and conserve soil and water resources. It points out Conservation Compliance Today and Issues for the Next Farm Bill.
- Critical Infrastructures: Background, Policy, and Implementation
- The nation's health, wealth, and security rely on the production and distribution of certain goods and services. The array of physical assets, functions, and systems across which these goods and services move are called critical infrastructures. This report discusses in more detail the evolution of a national critical infrastructure policy and the institutional structures established to implement it. The report highlights five issues of Congressional concern: identifying critical assets; assessing vulnerabilities and risks; allocating resources; information sharing; and, regulation.
- Leaving Congress: House of Representatives and Senate Departures Data Since 1989. June 2013
- This report provides data on those Members who have announced an intention to retire at the completion of the 113th Congress (2013-2014)
- Criminal Prohibitions on the Publication of Classified Defense Information
- This report discusses the statutory prohibitions that may be implicated, including the Espionage Act; the extraterritorial application of such statutes; and the First Amendment implications related to such prosecutions against domestic or foreign media organizations and associated individuals.
- Consumer Product Safety Commission: Current Issues
- The Consumer Product Safety Commission, one of the agency's two current Commissioners stated recently, is at a crossroads. According to Commissioner Thomas Moore, either Congress will reverse the agency's steady decline or the Consumer Product Safety Commission will become so weakened as to be irrelevant. This report details a background of the commission, recent recalls, congressional concerns, and more as related to the Consumer Product Safety Commission.
- Head Start: Background and Issues
- Head Start is a federal program that has provided comprehensive early childhood development services to low-income children since 1965. Services provided to preschool-aged children include child development, educational, health, nutritional, social and other activities, intended to prepare low-income children for entering kindergarten. This report provides an overview of Head Start, along with a list of its issues.
- The Congressional Research Service and the American Legislative Process
- This report includes a description of the Congressional Research Service and it's benefits to the American Legislative Process
- Generalized System of Preferences
- This report provides information about the Generalized System of Preferences which provides duty-free treatment for products that are imported from some designated countries. The main purpose is to promote economic growth.
- Libya: Background and U.S. Relations. February 2011
- This report provides background information on Libya and U.S.-Libyan relations.
- 9/11 Commission: Legislative Action Concerning U.S. Immigration Law and Policy in the 108th Congress
- From Summary: "This report discusses some of the major immigration areas that were under consideration in the above-mentioned comprehensive reform proposals, including asylum, biometric tracking systems, border security, document security, exclusion, immigration enforcement, and visa issuances."
- Andean-U.S. Free-Trade Agreement Negotiations
- This Report is categorized into four categories: (I) Background, (II) U.S.-Andean Trade, (III) Selected Issues in the Negotiations and (IV) Prospects.
- Bills and Resolutions: Examples of How Each Kind Is Used
- This report provides background information regarding the bill and joint resolution, which must be passed by both houses in identical form, then presented to the President for his approval or disapproval.
- Federal White-Collar Pay: FY2004 Salary Adjustments
- This report provides the details related to Salary adjustments of Federal white-collar employees for the Fiscal Year 2004
- Iran: Current Developments and U.S. Policy
- This report includes information regarding Iranian current developments and U.S. policy. Iran's strategic buildup, Iranian foreign policy and terrorism involvement, and human rights concerns are among topics discussed in this report.
- Child Welfare Issues in the 108th Congress
- This report discusses child welfare services that seek to protect children who have been abused or neglected or who are at risk of maltreatment. It also point out child welfare financing and other child welfare issues.
- Chinese Economic Growth: How Will It Affect the U.S. Gains from Trade?
- This report is categorized into six categories: (I) Economic Growth and the Gains from Trade, (II) The Economic Significance of the Terms of Trade, (III) What will change the U.S. Economy's Terms of Trade?, (IV) China's effect on the U.S. Terms of Trade, (V) Economics Policy and the terms of trade and (VI) Conclusion.