Congressional Research Service Reports - 65 Matching Results
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- U.S.-Japanese Trade: The Semiconductor Arrangement
- On June 4, 1991, the United States and Japan agreed to a five-year arrangement to open Japan,s market to U.S.-origin semiconductor devices, replacing a 1986 agreement that was due to expire. Unlike other U.S.-Japanese trade agreement, the U.S.-Japanese Semiconductor Arrangement stipulates a quantifiable objective (20 percent of the Japanese market for foreign-produced semiconductors). It is often identified by those who want the United States to undertake a "results-oriented" trade policy toward Japan as a model for future US.-Japanese trade agreements. The semiconductor arrangement raises several questions for U.S.- Japanese trade and U.S. trade policy: Has its achieved its objectives? Should the agreement be used as a model for resolving other U.S.- Japanese market access disputes?
- The Information Superhighway: Status and Issues
- As the media devote increasing attention to the "information superhighway," many questions whether this latest high-tech creation is a fact, fantasy, or a distant future. The answer is one of perspective and expectations.
- Russian Missile Technology and Nuclear Reactor Transfers to Iran
- Many in Congress and the Clinton Administration charge that Russian entities are assisting Iran in developing ballistic missiles. Russia is also building a nuclear power station and is finishing other nuclear services to, Iran. Congress has passed legislation requiring the President to impose sanctions for missile technology transfers, arms sales, nuclear technology transfers, and large-scale investments in Iran. H.R 2709, which includes the "Iran Missile Proliferation Sanctions Act of 1997," is one of several bills designed to tighten existing sanctions law. It was amended and passed by the Senate on May 22, 1998, and by the House on June 9 by very large bipartisan majorities. Nevertheless, President Clinton vetoed the bill on June 23 and said he would work to sustain the veto.
- Military and Civilian Satellites in Support of Allied Forces in the Persian Gulf War
- This Congressional Research Service Report for Congress explains the use of military and civilian space programs to advance satellites for the support of military action.
- Intelligence Implications of the Military Technical Revolution
- The availability of precise, real-time intelligence has been an integral part of a military technical revolution being implemented by the Department of Defense for post-Cold War conflicts and peacekeeping operations. Providing this intelligence requires new types of equipment, analysis and organizational relationships within the U.S. intelligence community.
- Cooperative Research and Development Agreements
- A Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) is a mechanism established by P.L. 99-602, the Federal Technology Transfer Act, to allow the transfer of technology, knowledge, and expertise from government laboratories to the private sector for further development and commercialization. The government provides support in the way of overhead for research and development performed in the federal laboratory and is prohibited from providing funding directly to the partner in the collaborative effort. Currently, more than 5,000 CRADAs have been signed. As the 105th Congress determines its approach to science and technology policies, the role of CRADAs continues to be debated within the context of federal support for R&D
- R&D Partnerships: Government-Industry Collaboration
- Efforts by the 104th Congress to eliminate several government-industry-university research and development partnership programs reflected some opposition to federally funded programs designed to facilitate the commercialization of technology. Within the context of the budget decisions, the 106th Congress is expected to again debate the government's role in promoting collaborative ventures focused on generating new products and processes for the marketplace.
- Federal Government Information Technology Policy: Selected Issues
- No Description Available.
- Point & Click: Internet Searching Techniques
- This report discusses criteria to consider when judging the quality of an internet site and the best strategies for locating information on the World Wide Web. There are two ways to search the Internet. The first is to use subject guides (e.g., Yahoo, Galaxy, or WWW Virtual Library), which are compiled by human indexers. These present an organized hierarchy of categories so a searcher can “drill down” through their links. The second option is to use a search engine (e.g., Alta Vista, Hotbot, or InfoSeek), an automated software robot which indexes Web pages and retrieves information based on relevancy-ranked algorithms. This report describes how search engines index the World Wide Web, as well as various features common to most search engines. In addition, the report suggests searching tips for retrieving the most precise information. Finally, the report discusses Usenet news groups, email discussion lists, gophers, and miscellaneous Web resources.
- Internet Tax Bills in the 105th Congress
- This report tracks the evolution and content of the Internet tax freedom bills. In general, the bills would impose a federal moratorium on the ability of state and local governments to impose taxes on certain aspects of the Internet and would establish a temporary federal commission to study selected issues and make policy recommendations.
- China: Possible Missile Technology Transfers from U.S. Satellite Export Policy - Background and Chronology
- This report provides information about the Possible Missile Technology Transfers from U.S. Satellite Export Policy of China. this report discusses security concern,policy changes, and a chronology of major developments since 1988.
- China’s Technology Acquisitions: Cox Committee’s Report — Findings, Issues, and Recommendations
- No Description Available.
- Department of Commerce Science and Technology Programs: Review of Dismantling Proposals in the 104th Congress
- No Description Available.
- Vocational Education: Legislation to Reauthorize the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act
- This report presents background on the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act, rovides a funding history of the Act, and tracks and analyzes legislation during the 105th Congress to revise and reauthorize the Perkins Act.
- China: Commission of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND) and Defense Industries
- This report describes the origins and command, roles, and influence of Commission of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND) in the PLA and the defense industries of China.
- The Difference Between DOD Programs That Develop Dual-Use Technologies and DOD’s Dual-Use Technology Development Programs–A Fact Sheet
- No Description Available.
- The Encryption Debate: Intelligence Aspects
- No Description Available.
- International Science and Technology Issues: Summary of a Report to the Committee on Science
- This report summarizes a comparative study on international science and technology. It was prepared on the request of the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives. This paper provides a digest of analysis and findings on the science and technology policies, civilian research and development funding, and relevant policy issues of thirteen countries and the European union.
- Industrial Energy Intensiveness and Energy Costs in the Context of Climate Change Policy
- This report presents and briefly analyzes data on the amount, cost, and distribution by source of energy used by a number of U.S. energy-intensive sectors and "industries." While the report does not analyze how measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions would affect particular industries, it indirectly provides guidance.
- State Technology Development Strategies: The Role of High Tech Clusters
- This report provides a framework for exploring the feasibility of generating high tech clusters in states where they currently do not exist or are not easily identifiable.
- Technology, Trade, and Security Issues Between the United States and the People’s Republic of China: A Trip Report, August 1997
- This report focuses on discussions held with both Chinese and U.S. officials and business leaders in China during 1997 which covered three major policy areas: technology, trade, and security.
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Overview
- This report discusses the fluctuation in budget and funding for the National Institute of Standards and Technology until FY 1999.
- Some Perspectives on the Changing Role of the U.S. Government in Science and Technology
- This report analyzes a number of factors bearing on the government's role in science and technology (S&T): the character of research and development (R&D); the federal R&D missions involved; whether the government funds R&D in its own laboratories or in those of industry or academia; and the government's R&D budget and its management of, and planning for, S&T.
- Russian Missile Technology and Nuclear Reactor Transfers to Iran
- This report discusses the U.S. response to the Russian Government potentially violating the Missile Technology Control Regime. The report details the accusations made against Russia, the progression of Iran's nuclear power program, and the connection these allegations have with respect to U.S. policy.
- Russian Missile Technology and Nuclear Reactor Transfers to Iran
- This report discusses the U.S. response to the Russian Government potentially violating the Missile Technology Control Regime. The report details the accusations made against Russia, and the progression of Iran's nuclear power program. It also highlights the connection these allegations have with respect to U.S. policy and the sanctions that were introduced by the U.S. Congress as a result.