Congressional Research Service Reports - 44 Matching Results

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False Patent Marking: Litigation and Legislation

Description: This report will describe and analyze the Federal Circuit's 2009 decision that requires a per-article penalty for false marking, as well as two subsequent Federal Circuit decisions in 2010 that answer several questions that have arisen during the recent false patent marking litigation. It also identifies and discusses legislation in the 111th Congress that would amend § 292 in order to retroactively end qui tam false marking suits and with the intent of reducing the number of false marking suit… more
Date: October 20, 2010
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Bayh-Dole Act: Selected Issues in Patent Policy and the Commercialization of Technology

Description: Congressional interest in facilitating U.S. technological innovation led to the passage of P.L. 96-517, Amendments to the Patent and Trademark Act, commonly referred to as the "Bayh-Dole Act" after its two main sponsors former Senators Robert Dole and Birch Bayh. Under this 1980 law, as amended, title to inventions made with government support is provided to the contractor if that contractor is a small business, a university, or other non-profit institution. This report discusses the rationale … more
Date: November 16, 2010
Creator: Schacht, Wendy H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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An Overview of Recent U.S. Supreme Court Jurisprudence in Patent Law

Description: This report provides a brief summary of the Supreme Court's patent law jurisprudence in the following nine cases that have been decided since 2005: Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Unitherm Food Systems v. Swift-Eckrich, Illinois Tool Works v. Independent Ink, eBay v. MercExchange, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings v. Metabolite Labs., MedImmune v. Genentech, KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc., Microsoft v. AT&T, Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc., and Bilski v. Kap… more
Date: September 17, 2010
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

False Patent Marking: Litigation and Legislation

Description: This report will describe and analyze the Federal Circuit's 2009 decision that requires a per-article penalty for false marking, as well as two subsequent Federal Circuit decisions in 2010 that answer several questions that have arisen during the recent false patent marking litigation. It also identifies and discusses legislation in the 111th Congress that would amend § 292 in order to retroactively end qui tam false marking suits and with the intent of reducing the number of false marking suit… more
Date: September 20, 2010
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Online Copyright Infringement and Counterfeiting: Legislation in the 112th Congress

Description: The global nature of the Internet offers expanded commercial opportunities for intellectual property (IP) rights holders but also increases the potential for copyright and trademark infringement. This report discusses the following recent draconian legislation in regard to this topic: the Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act (PROTECT IP Act); the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA); and the Online Protection and Enforcement of Digital Trade Act … more
Date: January 10, 2012
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A Legal Analysis of S. 968, the PROTECT IP Act

Description: This report discusses the legality of S. 968, the Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act (PROTECT IP Act). It is related to the Combating Online Infringement and Counterfeits Act (COICA), which was approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee, but not enacted by the full Senate before the end of the 111th Congress.
Date: July 7, 2011
Creator: Yeh, Brian T. & Miller, Jonathan
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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An Overview of the "Patent Trolls" Debate

Description: This report reviews the current debate and controversy surrounding "patent assertion entities" (PAEs) and their effect on innovation, examines the reasons for the rise in PAE litigation, and explores the legislative options available to Congress if it decides that these are issues that should be addressed.
Date: August 20, 2012
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Intellectual Property in Industrial Designs: Issues in Innovation and Competition

Description: Report that identifies several current issues relating to intellectual property in industrial designs. It describes the different sorts of intellectual property protection that apply to industrial designs, and identifies current issues at the interface between intellectual property and industrial designs.
Date: January 5, 2011
Creator: Thomas, John R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Mayo v. Prometheus: Implications for Patents, Biotechnology, and Personalized Medicine

Description: Report that reviews the Supreme Court's 2012 Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories decision (wherein the court held that a patent claiming a method of optimizing therapies for autoimmune disease was invalid) and briefly consider its implications for innovation and public health.
Date: November 6, 2012
Creator: Thomas, John R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Follow-On Biologics: The Law and Intellectual Property Issues

Description: This report reviews the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (BPCIA), within the context of intellectual property and innovation issues. It provides an introduction to the biologics industry, introduces the regulatory and intellectual property provisions of the BPCIA, considers the potential market for biosimilars and possible industry responses that may arise in the wake of this legislation, and closes with concluding observations.
Date: January 15, 2014
Creator: Thomas, John R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

An Overview of the "Patent Trolls" Debate

Description: This report reviews the current debate and controversy surrounding "patent assertion entities" (PAEs) and their effect on innovation, examines the reasons for the rise in PAE litigation, and explores the legislative options available to Congress if it decides that these are issues that should be addressed.
Date: April 16, 2013
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Intellectual Property Rights Violations: Federal Civil Remedies and Criminal Penalties Related to Copyrights, Trademarks, and Patents

Description: This report provides information describing the federal civil remedies and criminal penalties that may be available as a consequence of violations of the federal intellectual property laws: the Copyright Act of 1976, the Patent Act of 1952, and the Trademark Act of 1946 (conventionally known as the Lanham Act).
Date: March 7, 2013
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Google Library Project: Is Digitization for Purposes of Online Indexing Fair Use Under Copyright Law?

Description: In December 2004, Google announced its Library Project, which was to entail digitizing, indexing, and displaying "snippets" of print books in the collections of five major libraries, among other things. The Library Project was not limited to books in the public domain (e.g., books whose terms of copyright protection had expired), and Google did not seek the permission of copyright holders, in part, because it asserted that its proposed uses were fair uses. Many authors, publishers, and other ri… more
Date: May 5, 2010
Creator: Manuel, Kate M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Jurisprudence of Justice John Paul Stevens: Selected Opinions on Intellectual Property Law

Description: This report briefly surveys decisions of retiring Justice John Paul Stevens in intellectual property cases. An examination of Justice Stevens' written opinions relating to intellectual property law reveals a strong desire to ensure that the rights of intellectual property creators are balanced with the rights of the public to access creative and innovative works.
Date: May 14, 2010
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Deferred Examination of Patent Applications: Implications for Innovation Policy

Description: This report provides an overview of deferred patent examination. It begins by offering a brief review of patent acquisition proceedings as well as challenges faced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The report then introduces the concept of deferred examination. The potential positive and negative consequences of deferred examination upon the environment for innovation within the United States are then explored. The report closes by identifying salient design parameters for deferr… more
Date: May 27, 2010
Creator: Thomas, John R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Use of Trademarks as Keywords to Trigger Internet Search Engine Advertisements

Description: This report provides a summary and analysis of judicial opinions that have developed the current state of trademark law governing keyword-triggered advertising. It discusses background of the issue, keyword advertising, and litigation related to keyword advertising.
Date: March 22, 2010
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Still Fair Use for Google Books: Second Circuit Ruling in Authors Guild v. Google

Description: This legal sidebar discusses the decision in Authors Guild v. Google case, in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the lower court's ruling and held that Google's copying and distribution of books as part of its Google Books Project qualifies as fair use under the Copyright Act, and thus Google is not liable for infringement of the authors' copyright in these books.
Date: November 30, 2015
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Gene Patents: A Brief Overview of Intellectual Property Issues

Description: This report provides a brief overview of intellectual property issues on Gene patents. The myriad holding attempts to provide investors and firms with incentives to conduct R&D while recognizing that pattern might obtain too much control in future research
Date: January 15, 2014
Creator: Thomas, John R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Copyright Registration Requirement and Federal Court Jurisdiction: A Legal Analysis of Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick

Description: In New York Times Co. v. Tasini, six freelance authors who had contributed articles to several publications, including The New York Times, Newsday, and Time, sued when the publishers licensed rights to copy and sell the articles to electronic databases such as Lexis/Nexis. Shortly after the Court decided Tasini, three preexisting class action infringement suits, which had been suspended pending the decision, were activated and consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of… more
Date: March 18, 2010
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Illegal Internet Streaming of Copyrighted Content: Legislation in the 112th Congress

Description: This report describes streaming technology, explains the disparity in criminal penalties for different forms of infringement committed by electronic means, analyzes legislation in the 112th Congress that would harmonize penalties for illegal streaming with those available for other forms of online copyright infringement, and summarizes arguments for and against such a legislative change.
Date: December 1, 2011
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pharmaceutical Patent Litigation Settlements: Implications for Competition and Innovation

Description: This report introduces and analyzes innovation policy issues concerning pharmaceutical patent litigation settlements, including pharmaceutical patent litigation procedures under the Hatch-Waxman Act, the concept of reverse payment settlements, the status of reverse payment settlements under the antitrust laws, and congressional issues and alternatives.
Date: January 20, 2011
Creator: Thomas, John R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Pharmaceutical Patent-Antitrust: Reverse Payment Settlements and Product Hopping

Description: This report introduces and analyzes innovation and competition policy issues associated with the pharmaceutical industry. It begins with a review of the Hatch-Waxman Act and its implications upon the availability of generic substitutes for brand-name medications. The report then turns to a basic review of the antitrust law. It then addresses judicial developments with respect to reverse payment settlements and product hopping. The report closes with a summary of congressional issues and possibl… more
Date: October 7, 2015
Creator: Thomas, John R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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