Congressional Research Service Reports - 762 Matching Results

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Medicare: Financing the Part A Hospital Insurance Program

Description: This report discusses Medicare, which consists of two distinct parts — Part A (Hospital Insurance (HI)) and Part B (Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI)). Part A is financed primarily through payroll taxes levied on current workers and their employers. Income from these taxes is credited to the HI trust fund. Part B is financed through a combination of monthly premiums paid by current enrollees and general revenues. Income from these sources is credited to the SMI trust fund.
Date: May 5, 1998
Creator: O'Sullivan, Jennifer
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Managing Farm Risk in a New Policy Era

Description: This report discusses the enhancements to the crop insurance and revenue insurance programs that are expected to be considered by the 106th Congress in order to improve the farm financial safety net and preclude the need for ad hoc legislative assistance.
Date: January 22, 1999
Creator: Chite, Ralph M. & Jickling, Mark
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment

Description: The First Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that “Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press. . . .” This language restricts government both more and less than it would if it were applied literally. It restricts government more in that it applies not only to Congress, but to all branches of the federal government, and to all branches of state and local government. It restricts government less in that it provides no protection to some typ… more
Date: January 7, 2004
Creator: Cohen, Henry
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Banking and Finance: Legislative Initiatives in the 105th Congress, Second Session

Description: This report reviews major banking and finance issues that are receiving congressional attention in the 2nd session of the 105th Congress. It will be updated periodically to reflect legislative developments. Relevant CRS products are referenced.
Date: August 10, 1998
Creator: Shorter, Gary & Wells, F. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Social Security: The Trust Fund

Description: The Social Security program is financed primarily through taxes, which are deposited in the U.S. Treasury and credited to the Social Security trust fund. Any revenues credited to the trust fund in excess of the costs (benefit payments and administrative costs) are invested in special U.S. obligations (debt instruments of the U.S. government).
Date: August 11, 2005
Creator: Scott, Christine
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Social Security Reform

Description: President Bush has highlighted Social Security reform as a top priority during his second term. The President has not presented a detailed plan for reform. Rather, he has put forth guidelines for Congress to consider in the development of legislation to create personal accounts within a program in need of “wise and effective reform.” The President has acknowledged that other changes would be needed to address the system’s projected long-range funding shortfall. In recent years, reform ideas hav… more
Date: September 20, 2005
Creator: Nuschler, Dawn
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Industrial Loan Companies/Banks and the Separation of Banking and Commerce: Legislative and Regulatory Perspectives

Description: Industrial Loan Companies (ILCs), are state-chartered and state-regulated depository institutions whose deposits the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) may insure. This report addresses the controversy over expansion of ILCs by line of business and by branching across the nation as follows, providing: (1) a historical overview of the U.S. separation of banking and commerce; (2) information on ILCs and their regulation; and (3) identifying and analyzing relevant legislation in Congress. more
Date: June 27, 2005
Creator: Jackson, William D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Is the U.S. Trade Deficit Caused by a Global Saving Glut?

Description: This report discusses the concern about the size of the current U.S. account deficit, popularly known as the trade deficit. Also compares and analyzes the conventional view with the global saving glut view.
Date: November 4, 2005
Creator: Labonte, Marc
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Legislation (Including Budgetary Implications)

Description: This report discusses two major deposit insurance reform bills that are currently before Congress, the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 and the Safe and Fair Deposit Insurance Act of 2005. Both bills, if passed, would effectively raise assessments paid by banks and savings associations to the deposit insurance fund.
Date: November 9, 2005
Creator: Miles, Barbara L. & Jackson, William D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt

Description: This report presents current data on estimated ownership of United States Treasury securities and major holders of federal debt by country.
Date: November 23, 2005
Creator: Murray, Justin & Labonte, Marc
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Iraq Reconstruction Resources: Fact Sheet

Description: This fact sheet provides Internet links to the federal agencies or departments currently involved in the contracting process, along with their specific Iraq reconstruction programs underway or proposed. It provides overview information on federal agency contract solicitations, application procedures, and contact information where appropriate.
Date: November 23, 2004
Creator: Waterhouse, Michael & Smith, Carolyn C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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High Interest Rates: Causes and Effects

Description: This report describes the major market and policy forces that determine the general level of interest rates. The discussion is related to the recent economic experience of high interest rates and inflation, but may be generally applied to any economic environment.
Date: June 30, 1980
Creator: Leisenring, Carol
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federal Reserve Membership and Monetary Control

Description: This report discusses the current state of monetary policy. Questions about the continued capability of the Federal Reserve System (FRS) to exercise effective monetary control were raised in connection with several developments over recent years that diminished, in relative terms, the deposit component of the stock of money over which the FRS maintained reserve requirement controls. The Monetary Control Act, Title 1 of P.L. 96-221 was designed to ensure that the FRS as ability to conduct moneta… more
Date: January 12, 1981
Creator: White, Roger
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Foreign Ownership of Property in the United States: Federal and State Restrictions

Description: This report examines various legal issues raised by Federal and State laws restricting foreign ownership in U. S. property. The report examines the constitutional barriers to Federal and State laws restricting such ownership, and the possible constitutional predicates for Federal legislation regulating foreign ownership of property in the united States. The impact of treaties to which the United States is a party on both Federal and State restrictions on the rights of foreign persons to own U.S… more
Date: June 23, 1980
Creator: Zaritsky, Howard
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Foreign Investment in U.S. Industry

Description: Although the total amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the U.S. is small relative to U.S. direct investment abroad, it is growing rapidly and may have a large effect on some industries and geographic areas of the U.S. The two main issues raised by FDI in the U.S. are first, shall Congress require more extensive data collection efforts than are already underway, and second, should laws be enacted to limit foreign direct investment in the U.S. These two issues turn in substantial measure… more
Date: October 18, 1982
Creator: Wilson, Arlene
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The General Motors-Toyota Joint Venture and Its Competitive Implications

Description: This report reviews the economics of joint ventures by focusing on their implication for market competition. It also reviews the legislative history of mergers and joint ventures with special emphasis on aspects of the law that are directed at reducing market concentration.
Date: July 13, 1983
Creator: Bass, Gwenell L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Finance and Adjustment: The International Debt Crisis, 1982-84

Description: This report provides an overview of the international debt problem which has significantly disturbed the international economic environment of the 1980s. It describes the characteristics of the less developed country (LDC) debt and discusses the role of major participants in the debt crisis. The study shows how the role of the participants has evolved during the crisis. Lastly, some of the issues arising from the debt crisis are discussed.
Date: September 17, 1984
Creator: Wertman, Patricia A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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High Interest Rates: Causes, Consequences, and Issues

Description: This paper reviews the causes of the steep interest rate escalation since 1978 and the persistence of high rates during the recent recession and revival.
Date: January 30, 1984
Creator: Dernburg, Thomas F
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Bank Failures: Recent Trends and Policy Options

Description: During the 1980s the U.S. banking industry has experienced a rapidly growing number of failures. Many factors have contributed to this trend including deregulation, technology, individual bank management, and economic conditions. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) handles insured bank failures. Congress has been monitoring the recent trend and is concerned with the FDIC’s ability to continue to perform its supervisory and insurance operations. The present situation, information on… more
Date: July 14, 1987
Creator: Smale, Pauline
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Campus-Based Student Financial Aid Programs Under the Higher Education Act

Description: This report discusses the issues likely to be considered during reauthorization are whether the campus-based programs provide types of aid to students that are not or cannot be provided via other postsecondary aid programs, and whether the current formulas for allocating funds to institutions for the operation of these programs are optimal. Provisions specific to each program, such as requirements for community service under FWS and terms and conditions of Perkins Loans also may be considered.
Date: April 21, 2005
Creator: Smole, David P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Farm Credit Services of America Ends Attempt to Leave the Farm Credit System

Description: This report discusses Farm Credit Services of America's (FCSA) attempt at leaving the Farm Credit System (FCS) — a government-sponsored enterprise — to be bought by a private company. The option to leave the System is allowed by statute under the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended, but has been exercised only once, and did not involve an outside purchaser.
Date: October 22, 2004
Creator: Monke, Jim
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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FEMA's Flood Hazard Map Modernization Initiative

Description: This report discusses the the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), which required the Flood Insurance Administration in the Department of Housing and Urban Development to produce countywide “Flood Insurance Rate Maps,” or FIRMs, to set federal flood insurance premiums based on flood risk.
Date: February 3, 2006
Creator: Morrissey, Wayne A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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