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Congressional Research Service Reports
- Attorneys' Fees in the State Tobacco Litigation Cases
- In the past few years, many states have filed complaints against the tobacco industry in state court to recover Medicaid costs paid by the states to treat their citizens for tobacco related illnesses. The states are also attempting to recover other damages, such as punitive damages, against the tobacco industry. For various reasons, the states have hired private attorneys to assist the state Attorneys General in prosecuting these cases. In most cases, the retention of private counsel has included a fee agreement specifying the amount of compensation that these attorneys will receive for their services. These agreements are not uniform among the states, but most tend to provide some form of contingency fee arrangement. Some of these states have developed a sliding scale contingency fee schedule which varies with the amount of time spent on the litigation and whether a trial has begun. This report briefly summarizes the different fee agreements that the states have with private counsel. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs377/
- The U.S. Tobacco Industry in Domestic and World Markets
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs513/
- Tobacco Legislation in the 105th Congress: Side-by-Side Comparison of S. 1415, S. 1530, S. 1638, S. 1889, H.R. 3474, and H.R. 3868
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs516/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Three major dairy policy issues captured the attention of the 106th Congress, and are expected to remain issues of concern to the 107th Congress-- federal financial assistance for dairy farmers; implementation by USDA of changes to federal farm milk pricing regulations; and regional debates over the market effects of dairy compacts. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1059/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Three major dairy policy issues captured the attention of the 106th Congress, and are expected to remain issues of concern to the 107th Congress-- federal financial assistance for dairy farmers; implementation by USDA of changes to federal farm milk pricing regulations; and regional debates over the market effects of dairy compacts. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1374/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Several dairy issues that were debated during the 108th Congress are expected to continue as issues of interest in the 109th Congress. Separate bills were introduced in the 108th Congress to extend authority for both the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) Program and the dairy forward pricing pilot program, and to address dairy producer concerns about the importation of milk protein concentrates. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2104/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Several dairy issues that were debated during the 108th Congress are expected to continue as issues of interest in the 109th Congress. Separate bills were introduced in the 108th Congress to extend authority for both the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) Program and the dairy forward pricing pilot program, and to address dairy producer concerns about the importation of milk protein concentrates. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2105/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Several dairy issues that were debated during the 108th Congress are expected to continue as issues of interest in the 109th Congress. Separate bills were introduced in the 108th Congress to extend authority for both the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) Program and the dairy forward pricing pilot program, and to address dairy producer concerns about the importation of milk protein concentrates. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2106/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Several dairy issues that were debated during the 108th Congress are expected to continue as issues of interest in the 109th Congress. Separate bills were introduced in the 108th Congress to extend authority for both the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) Program and the dairy forward pricing pilot program, and to address dairy producer concerns about the importation of milk protein concentrates. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2107/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Several dairy issues that were debated during the 108th Congress are expected to continue as issues of interest in the 109th Congress. Separate bills were introduced in the 108th Congress to extend authority for both the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) Program and the dairy forward pricing pilot program, and to address dairy producer concerns about the importation of milk protein concentrates. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2108/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Several dairy issues that were debated during the 108th Congress are expected to continue as issues of interest in the 109th Congress. Separate bills were introduced in the 108th Congress to extend authority for both the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) Program and the dairy forward pricing pilot program, and to address dairy producer concerns about the importation of milk protein concentrates. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2109/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Several major dairy policy issues are addressed in the context of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (P.L. 107- 171, the 2002 farm bill), which was signed into law on May 13, 2002. Included in the enacted 2002 farm bill are a reauthorization of the dairy price support program for an additional 5 ½ years, and new authorization for direct payments to dairy farmers through September 2005, triggered whenever the market price of farm milk falls below a target price level. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2110/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Several major dairy policy issues are addressed in the context of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (P.L. 107- 171, the 2002 farm bill), which was signed into law on May 13, 2002. Included in the enacted 2002 farm bill are a reauthorization of the dairy price support program for an additional 5 ½ years, and new authorization for direct payments to dairy farmers through September 2005, triggered whenever the market price of farm milk falls below a target price level. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3719/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Several major dairy policy issues are addressed in the context of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (P.L. 107- 171, the 2002 farm bill), which was signed into law on May 13, 2002. Included in the enacted 2002 farm bill are a reauthorization of the dairy price support program for an additional 5 ½ years, and new authorization for direct payments to dairy farmers through September 2005, triggered whenever the market price of farm milk falls below a target price level. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3720/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Many dairy farmer groups are concerned that imports of milk protein concentrates (MPCs) are displacing domestic dairy ingredients and thus depressing farm milk prices. S.560 and H.R. 1160 would impose tariff rate quotas on certain MPCs, and S. 40 would prohibit the use of dry MPC in domestic cheese production. Dairy processor groups are opposed to these bills. A dairy producer group challenged the Customs Service classification of MPCs, but Customs ruled that current classifications are correct. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3721/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Many dairy farmer groups are concerned that imports of milk protein concentrates (MPCs) are displacing domestic dairy ingredients and thus depressing farm milk prices. S.560 and H.R. 1160 would impose tariff rate quotas on certain MPCs, and S. 40 would prohibit the use of dry MPC in domestic cheese production. Dairy processor groups are opposed to these bills. A dairy producer group challenged the Customs Service classification of MPCs, but Customs ruled that current classifications are correct. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3722/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Many dairy farmer groups are concerned that imports of milk protein concentrates (MPCs) are displacing domestic dairy ingredients and thus depressing farm milk prices. S.560 and H.R. 1160 would impose tariff rate quotas on certain MPCs, and S. 40 would prohibit the use of dry MPC in domestic cheese production. Dairy processor groups are opposed to these bills. A dairy producer group challenged the Customs Service classification of MPCs, but Customs ruled that current classifications are correct. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3723/
- Dairy Policy Issues
- Many dairy farmer groups are concerned that imports of milk protein concentrates (MPCs) are displacing domestic dairy ingredients and thus depressing farm milk prices. S.560 and H.R. 1160 would impose tariff rate quotas on certain MPCs, and S. 40 would prohibit the use of dry MPC in domestic cheese production. Dairy processor groups are opposed to these bills. A dairy producer group challenged the Customs Service classification of MPCs, but Customs ruled that current classifications are correct. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3724/
- Cattle Prices: Questions and Answers
- After 7 years of relatively high returns, cattle producers by 1994 were experiencing steeply falling prices--mainly caused by abundant supplies of cattle destined for U.S. feedlots. Record-high grain prices and dry pastures amplified the problem. Because of the lengthy biological cycle governing cattle production, large numbers will be coming onto the market for some time, as producers undertake the slow process of curtailing herd expansion. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs290/
- Disadvantaged Businesses: A Review of Federal Assistance
- It is the policy of the federal government to encourage the development of small disadvantaged businesses (SDBs) owned by minorities and women. SDBs are statutorily defined as small businesses that are owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals who have been subjected to racial or ethnic prejudice or cultural bias and who have limited capital and credit opportunities. This report presents an overview of the major federal programs now in existence and indicates where interested persons can obtain further information about specific programs. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2186/
- The Retirement of the National Debt: Will It Increase the Economic Size of the Federal Government?
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1101/
- Japan: Resale Price Maintenance
- Resale price maintenance occurs when manufacturers control the prices charged by wholesalers or retailers of their products. In Japan, such activities are prohibited, although certain exemptions are allowed. The U.S. concern over the practice is that it could allow Japanese firms to generate a secure profit base in their home market in order to finance aggressive price competition abroad. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6/
- Japanese Companies and Technology: Lessons to Learn?
- American companies are facing increased competitive pressures from foreign firms. Many observers feel that U.S. firms lag behind their foreign competitors in the development, application, and marketing of new technologies and techniques. The Japanese industrial enterprise is characterized by a large proportion of private sector financing and many other factors, which this report analyzes at length. The question being debated by Congress is whether or not U.S. government programs and policies are an acceptable and effective means of supporting the efforts of American industries to operate in a manner consistent with success in world markets. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7/
- Japan-U.S. Trade: The Construction Services Issue
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs49/
- Competitiveness: Economic Issue or Illusion?
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs98/
- General Overview of United States Antitrust Law
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs180/
- Small Business Innovation Research Program
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs889/
- The Work Opportunity Tax Credit: A Fact Sheet
- The 104th Congress replaced the Targeted Jobs Tax Credit (TJTC, 1978-1994) with the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) in section 1201 of the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-188). This document provides basic facts about the WOTC. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs559/
- Small Business Innovation Research Program
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1444/
- Small Business Innovation Research Program
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2213/
- China: Commission of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND) and Defense Industries
- Congressional interest in the Chinese military, or People’s Liberation Army (PLA), has increased as a result of the March 1996 tensions in the Taiwan Strait, continuing allegations of Chinese proliferation of technology useful in weapons of mass destruction, and reports that some Chinese defense-related corporations have circumvented U.S. export controls to acquire dual-use technology. The Commission of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND), an important, high-level PLA organization, plays a role in China’s weapon programs, sales of civilian goods, acquisition of military technology, and arms sales and export controls. The purpose of this CRS Report is to examine the origins and command, roles, and influence of COSTIND. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs397/
- Summary and Comparison of the Major Agricultural Provisions of the Tobacco Settlement Policy Proposals
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs560/
- The Proposed Tobacco Settlement: Who Pays for the Health Costs of Smoking?
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs561/
- The Tobacco Settlement: An Overview
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs399/
- The Proposed Tobacco Settlement: Effects on Prices, Smoking Behavior, and Income Distribution
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs562/
- Compensating Farmers for the Tobacco Settlement
- The legislative proposals designed to reduce smoking, primarily by teenagers, are likely to have negative economic consequences for tobacco growers and tobacco-dependent communities. This report discusses the possibility of some kind of compensation to farmers as part of the settlement package legislation. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs563/
- Legal Analysis of the 10% Disadvantaged Small Business Set-Aside Provisions of H.R. 2400, the "Building Efficient Surface Transportation and Equity Act of 1997"
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs564/
- Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2214/
- Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2215/
- Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2216/
- Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2217/
- Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2218/
- Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3868/
- Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3869/
- Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3870/
- Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3871/
- Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3872/
- Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs299/
- Lumber Imports from Canada: Issues and Events
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3873/
- Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1103/