Congressional Research Service Reports - 177 Matching Results

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Women in Iraq: Background and Issues for U.S. Policy

Description: The issue of women’s rights in Iraq has taken on new relevance, following the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, efforts to reconstruct Iraq, and recent elections for a Transitional National Assembly (TNA). Over the past three years, the Bush Administration has reiterated its interest in ensuring that Iraqi women participate in politics and ongoing reconstruction efforts in Iraq. There has also been a widening debate regarding the extent to which the U.S.-led reconstruction efforts have been ab… more
Date: May 5, 2004
Creator: Armanios, Febe
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Women in the Armed Forces

Description: Women have become an integral part of the armed forces, but several issues remain. One is whether to reduce, maintain, or expand the number of women in the services as the total forces are being reduced. A second question is to what extent women should continue to be excluded from some combat positions by policy. A third question is whether or not women should be included if the draft is reinstated? Would national security be jeopardized or enhanced by increasing reliance on women in the armed … more
Date: August 31, 1982
Creator: Collier, Ellen C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Women in the United States Congress

Description: This report identifies women who have served as Senators or as Members of the House of Representatives. It notes their party affiliation, the States they have represented, the dates of their appointment or election, the length of their service, their committee assignments, and their service in committee chairmanships.
Date: July 13, 1983
Creator: Schwemle, Barbara L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Equity Legislation in the 109th Congress

Description: This report discusses the gender wage gap and the efforts to close the gap through acts, such as Equal Pay Act (EPA), and the work to strengthen anti-discrimination laws and add additional measures to ensure gender equality in the work force. The report discusses the opposition who believes the gap will close on its own as women continue to work their way up in the workforce.
Date: May 11, 2005
Creator: Dale, Charles V. & Levine, Linda
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federal Elementary and Secondary Education Programs: Reauthorization Issues

Description: This report discusses the reauthorization of most Federal elementary and secondary education programs, which the 100th Congress is currently considering, as well as the creation of several new programs. Issues have included: (1) Federal versus ~tate/local priorities in the use of funds; (2) use of formula grants or competitive grants to allocate funds; (3) services for eligible nonpublic school children; (4) relationship between Federal programs and State-level school reform activities; and (5)… more
Date: May 13, 1988
Creator: Riddle, Wayne C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Minority Contracting and Affirmative Action for Disadvantaged Small Businesses: Legal Issues

Description: This report discusses the minority participation “goals” that have been an integral part of federal policies to promote racial and gender equality in contracting on federally financed construction projects and in connection with other large federal contracts.
Date: February 24, 2006
Creator: Dale, Charles V.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Parental Leave: Legislation in the 100th Congress

Description: The report discusses the argument for why America should set a standard long-term maternity leave and temporary medical disability leave. Then the opposition to this position discusses why maternity leave and medical disability leave should be decided by the employer, not the Federal government.
Date: October 1, 1987
Creator: Gladstone, Leslie W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Compatibility for Federal White-Collar Workers

Description: This report reviews the Congress's decision to freeze federal pay for one year as part of the budget resolution for the year, 1986. It discusses the standards to determine the Federal pay rate and the levels of pay that are set in place in the Federal government.
Date: August 7, 1985
Creator: Schwemle, Barbara L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Equity - The Comparable Worth Issue: Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value; By What Standards and By What Means?

Description: This report discusses the term comparable worth issue, a "theory that jobs dominated by women may be valued less not because of skills required or job content, but because they are "women's jobs (page 1)." The report analyzes historical events and lawsuits that relate to the issue of comparable worth in the workforce.
Date: April 20, 1983
Creator: Ahmuty, Alice L
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Teenage Sexual Activity and Childbearing: An Analysis of the Relationships of Behavior to Family and Personal Background

Description: "This report uses the National Survey of Family Growth to examine the effects of a variety of social and economic factors on the likelihood that a teenage girl will be sexually active, will use contraceptives, and will bear a child...The report examines the differences in factors associated with these different behaviors for white and black as well as younger and older teens." (from Abstract)
Date: July 9, 1987
Creator: Griffith, Jeanne E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

Description: Kuwaiti leaders peacefully resolved a succession crisis that erupted following the January 15, 2006 death of its long-ruling Amir. However, a new crisis erupted in May 2006 over the structure of the next parliamentary elections, prompting a dissolution of the existing parliament and scheduling of new elections for June 29, 2006. Women will be able to run and to vote.
Date: May 24, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Nonmarital Childbearing: Trends, Reasons, and Public Policy Interventions

Description: This report analyzes the trends in nonmarital childbearing, discusses some of the characteristics of unwed mothers, addresses some issues involving the fathers of children born outside of marriage, covers many of the reasons for nonmarital childbearing, examines the impact of nonmarital births on families and on the nation, and presents the public policy interventions that have been used to prevent nonmarital births or ameliorate some of the negative financial consequences that are sometimes as… more
Date: November 20, 2008
Creator: Solomon-Fears, Carmen
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pay Equity Legislation

Description: This report begins by showing the trend in the male-female wage gap and by examining the explanations that have been offered for its enduring presence. It next discusses the major laws directed at eliminating sex-based wage discrimination as well as relevant federal court cases. The report closes with a description of pay equity legislation that has been considered by Congress in recent years, including bills introduced in the 111th Congress.
Date: September 20, 2010
Creator: Feder, Jody & Levine, Linda
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Millennium Development Goals: The September 2010 U.N. High-level Meeting

Description: This report discusses overarching trends in Millennium Development Goals (MDG) progress and lessons learned from previous and ongoing efforts to achieve them. The MDGs are a group of measurable development targets agreed to by 189 U.N. member states - including the United States - as part of the 2000 Millennium Declaration. The MDGs cover a number of issues, such as eradicating extreme hunger and poverty, combating HIV/AIDS, and promoting gender equality and women's empowerment. This report exa… more
Date: September 23, 2010
Creator: Blanchfield, Luisa & Lawson, Marian Leonardo
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The U.N. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): Issues in the U.S. Ratification Debate

Description: The Senate may consider providing its advice and consent to U.S. ratification of the United Nations (U.N.) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW, or the Convention) during the 112th Congress. CEDAW is the only international human rights treaty that specifically addresses the rights of women. This report provides an overview of CEDAW's background, objectives, and structure, including the role of the Convention's monitoring body, the CEDAW Committee. It… more
Date: November 12, 2010
Creator: Blanchfield, Luisa
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Survey of Federal Laws Containing Goals, Set-Asides, Priorities, or Other Preferences Based on Race, Gender, or Ethnicity

Description: This report provides a broad, but by no means exhaustive, survey of federal statutes that specifically refer to race, gender, or ethnicity as factors to be considered in the administration of any federal program.
Date: October 1, 2010
Creator: Feder, Jody; Manuel, Kate M. & Taylor, Julia
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011

Description: This report identifies the names, committee assignments, dates of service, and (for Representatives) congressional districts of the 274 women who have served in Congress.
Date: March 18, 2011
Creator: Manning, Jennifer E.; Shogan, Colleen J. & Smelcer, Susan Navarro
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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International Violence Against Women: U.S. Response and Policy Issues

Description: This report addresses causes, prevalence, and consequences of violence against women. It provides examples of completed and ongoing U.S. activities that address VAW directly or include anti-VAW components. It outlines possible policy issues for the 112th Congress, including the scope and effectiveness of U.S. programs in addressing international VAW; further integrating anti-VAW programs into U.S. assistance and foreign policy mechanisms; U.S. funding for anti-VAW activities worldwide, particul… more
Date: April 14, 2011
Creator: Blanchfield, Luisa; Margesson, Rhoda; Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji; Serafino, Nina M. & Wyler, Liana Sun
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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United Nations System Efforts to Address Violence Against Women

Description: This report provides an overview of recent U.N. efforts to address VAW and highlights key U.N. interagency efforts. It also discusses selected U.N. funds, programs, and agencies that address international violence against women. It does not assess the extent to which VAW is directly addressed or is part of a larger initiative or program.
Date: April 21, 2011
Creator: Blanchfield, Luisa
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2011

Description: This report identifies the names, committee assignments, dates of service, and (for Representatives) congressional districts of the 274 women who have served in Congress. It will be updated when there are relevant changes in the makeup of Congress.
Date: September 27, 2011
Creator: Manning, Jennifer E. & Shogan, Colleen J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Women in Combat: Issues for Congress

Description: This report looks at the history of women in US military roles and combat since the 1990's. It also discusses critic's views of exclusionary policy as a civil rights issue.
Date: April 5, 2012
Creator: Burrelli, David F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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