Congressional Research Service Reports - 177 Matching Results

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Equal Rights Amendment (Proposed)

Description: The proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was first introduced in 1923, and was passed by the Congress in 1972. In 1978, Congress extended the original deadline for ratification of the ERA. Thus, if it receives approval in the form of ratification by 38 States before June 30, 1982, the measure will become the 27th Amendment to the Constitution, and will require equal treatment under Federal and State laws and practices for all persons, regardless of sex.
Date: October 18, 1974
Creator: Holcomb, Morrigene
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Equal Rights Amendment (Proposed)

Description: The proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was first introduced in 1923, and was passed by the Congress in 1972. In 1978, Congress extended the original deadline for ratification of the ERA. Thus, if it receives approval in the form of ratification by 38 States before June 30, 1982, the measure will become the 27th Amendment to the Constitution, and will require equal treatment under Federal and State laws and practices for all persons, regardless of sex.
Date: October 18, 1974
Creator: Gladstone, Leslie W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Text
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Equal Rights Amendment (Proposed)

Description: The proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was first introduced in 1923, and was passed by the Congress in 1972. In 1978, Congress extended the original deadline for ratification of the ERA. Thus, if it receives approval in the form of ratification by 38 States before June 30, 1982, the measure will become the 27th Amendment to the Constitution, and will require equal treatment under Federal and State laws and practices for all persons, regardless of sex.
Date: July 8, 1982
Creator: Gladstone, Leslie W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Equal Rights Amendment: Selected Floor Debate and Votes

Description: This report provides a summary of the final floor debate on the Equal Rights Amendment and on suggested amendments to the ERA. The proposed amendments outline some of the objections to the ERA, and the summary of the debate can provide some information on legislative intent.
Date: December 21, 1974
Creator: Holcomb, Morrigene
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Equal Rights Amendments: State Provisions

Description: Twenty states adopted state equal rights amendments between 1879 and 1998. The texts of most of these amendments either are similar to the proposed federal amendment or restate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The timing of the enactment of these state amendments and the choice of wording reflect both the ebb and flow of the women's movement in the United States and the political culture of the particular states at the time of passage. A brief hi… more
Date: August 23, 2004
Creator: Gladstone, Leslie W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Equal Rights for Women

Description: Amendments to the Constitution to provide equality of rights for women have been reintroduced in every Congress from the 67th i n 1923 to the 100th in 1987. Also proposed in recent years, although not to date in the 100th Congress, has been legislation to improve women's rights without amending the Constitution: a statue to forbid enforcement of a classification based on sex -- except where necessary to achieve a “compelling state interest, " and a measure providing for selective revision of ex… more
Date: October 14, 1987
Creator: Gladstone, Leslie W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA): Background and Funding

Description: This report provides an overview of the federal response to domestic violence--defined broadly to include acts of physical and nonphysical violence against spouses and other intimate partners--through the Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA). The report begins with background on the definitions of domestic violence, family violence, and related terms. This background section also describes the risk factors for domestic violence and estimates of the number of victims. The next sec… more
Date: September 13, 2017
Creator: Fernandes-Alcantara, Adrienne
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federal Affirmative Action Law: A Brief History

Description: This report provides a brief history about the Federal Affirmative Action Law which remains a focal point of public debate as a result of legal and political developments at the federal,state and local levels.
Date: July 16, 2007
Creator: Feder, Jody
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federal Affirmative Action Law: A Brief History

Description: This report provides a brief history about the Federal Affirmative Action Law which remains a focal point of public debate as a result of legal and political developments at the federal,state and local levels.
Date: October 22, 2012
Creator: Feder, Jody
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federal Affirmative Action Law: A Brief History

Description: This report provides a brief history about the Federal Affirmative Action Law which remains a focal point of public debate as a result of legal and political developments at the federal,state and local levels.
Date: September 13, 2005
Creator: Dale, Charles V.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federal Elementary and Secondary Education Programs: Reauthorization Issues

Description: This report discusses the reauthorization of most Federal elementary and secondary education programs, which the 100th Congress is currently considering, as well as the creation of several new programs. Issues have included: (1) Federal versus ~tate/local priorities in the use of funds; (2) use of formula grants or competitive grants to allocate funds; (3) services for eligible nonpublic school children; (4) relationship between Federal programs and State-level school reform activities; and (5)… more
Date: May 13, 1988
Creator: Riddle, Wayne C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs

Description: This report provides background information on the types of water supply and wastewater treatment projects traditionally funded by the federal government and the several existing programs to assist communities with water supply and wastewater recycling and treatment.
Date: March 25, 2003
Creator: Cody, Betsy A.; Copeland, Claudia; Tiemann, Mary & Zinn, Jeffrey
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Female Genital Mutilation as Persecution: When Can It Constitute a Basis for Asylum and Withholding of Removal?

Description: This report first explores the basic statutory and regulatory framework that governs refugee law. This entails an outline of the requirements an applicant must meet in order to qualify as a refugee, a discussion about the differences between the two main forms of relief for aliens facing removal from the United States, asylum and withholding of removal, and an examination of several important issues and controversies concerning this particular area of refugee law.
Date: July 22, 2008
Creator: Kim, Yule
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Female Genital Mutilation as Persecution: When Can It Constitute a Basis for Asylum and Withholding of Removal?

Description: This report explores the basic statutory and regulatory framework that governs asylum law. This entails an outline of the requirements an applicant must meet in order to obtain relief under asylum law and a discussion about the differences between the two main forms of relief for aliens facing removal from the United States: asylum and withholding of removal. It will then examine several important issues and controversies concerning female genital mutilation (FGM) and its effect on asylum law.
Date: October 10, 2008
Creator: Kim, Yule
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Gender Wage Gap and Pay Equity: Is Comparable Worth the Next Step?

Description: This report examines the trend in the male-female wage gap and the explanations offered for its existence. Remedies proposed for the gender wage gap's amelioration are addressed, with an in-depth focus on the comparable worth approach to achieving "pay equity" or "fair pay" between women and men.
Date: April 21, 2003
Creator: Levine, Linda
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Gender Wage Gap and Pay Equity: Is Comparable Worth the Next Step?

Description: This report examines the trend in the male-female wage gap and the explanations offered for its existence. Remedies proposed for the gender wage gap's amelioration are addressed, with an in-depth focus on the comparable worth approach to achieving "pay equity" or "fair pay" between women and men.
Date: December 20, 2004
Creator: Levine, Linda
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Gender Wage Gap and Pay Equity: Is Comparable Worth the Next Step?

Description: This report mainly focuses on The Gender Wage Gap and Pay Equity. Women's participation in the labor market has undergone considerable change in the last few decades. The majority of today's married women have forsaken the traditional role of full time child care givers for the dual role of unpaid homemakers.
Date: June 5, 2001
Creator: Levine, Linda
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Gender Wage Gap and Pay Equity: Is Comparable Worth the Next Step?

Description: This report mainly focuses on The Gender Wage Gap and Pay Equity. Women's participation in the labor market has undergone considerable change in the last few decades. The majority of today's married women have forsaken the traditional role of full time child care givers for the dual role of unpaid homemakers.
Date: April 21, 2003
Creator: Levine, Linda
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Immigration Provisions of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)

Description: This report discusses the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA, P.L. 103-322) that congress passed in 1994. This legislation created new programs within the Departments of Justice and Health and Human Services that aimed to both reduce domestic violence and improve response to and recovery from domestic violence incidents.
Date: May 15, 2012
Creator: Kandel, William A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Immigration Provisions of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)

Description: This report describes how the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) provisions work in practice. It discusses improvements suggested by immigration attorneys and law enforcement observers to increase the utilization of VAWA provisions by abused foreign nationals as well as ways to reduce immigration fraud. The report closes with possible immigration-related issues that Congress may choose to consider should it reauthorize VAWA.
Date: April 10, 2012
Creator: Kandel, William A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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