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Japan-U.S. Trade: The Structural Impediments Initiative

Description: On May 25, 1989, President Bush proposed that the United States undertake the Structural Impediments Initiative (SII), a series of discussions with Japan to address certain fundamental Japanese economic policies and business practices that the United States claims impede U.S. exports and investments. The SII was, in part, a Bush Administration response to the stubborn U.S. trade deficit and other problems that have caused friction in the U.S. trading relationship with Japan. It was also … more
Date: March 15, 1993
Creator: Cooper, William H.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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U.S.-Japanese Trade: The Semiconductor Arrangement

Description: On June 4, 1991, the United States and Japan agreed to a five-year arrangement to open Japan,s market to U.S.-origin semiconductor devices, replacing a 1986 agreement that was due to expire. Unlike other U.S.-Japanese trade agreement, the U.S.-Japanese Semiconductor Arrangement stipulates a quantifiable objective (20 percent of the Japanese market for foreign-produced semiconductors). It is often identified by those who want the United States to undertake a "results-oriented" trade policy towar… more
Date: May 13, 1993
Creator: Cooper, William H.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China's Most-Favored-Nation Status: U.S. Wheat Exports

Description: By June 3, 1993, President Clinton must determine whether or not he intends to recommend to the Congress a one-year extension of his Jackson-Vanik waiver authority, in effect extending most-favored-nation (MFN)[1] trading status to China for another year. The media are reporting that the President has decided to grant an extension, but that he is still deliberating over whether or not to attach certain conditions to the approval
Date: June 1, 1993
Creator: Ek, Carl & Epstein, Susan B.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Trade, Competitiveness, and International Economic Policy: A Bibliography of CRS Products

Description: Trade-related issues promise to play a major role in legislative actions of the 103nd Congress. This bibliography lists the currently available products issued since 1991 by CRS researchers on trade-related topics, including U.S. trade policy, NAFTA and the Uruguay Round, industry and technology issues, foreign investment concerns, and relations with major trading partners.
Date: June 15, 1993
Creator: Howe, Robert
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Asia's Reaction to NAFTA

Description: NAFTA raises potential economic and political issues for U.S. relations with Asian countries for whom the agreement presents uncertainties regarding the future of their market opportunities in North America. As countries not associated with a preferential trading arrangement of their own, Asian countries are concerned that a trend toward regional trade agreements may affect the capacity of multilateral institutions to protect their global trading interests. This report examines Asian perception… more
Date: June 30, 1993
Creator: Hamilton, Nancy J
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The Trade and Development Agency

Description: Congressional interest linking foreign aid more directly with commercial interests has grown in recent years as the U.S. budget becomes increasingly strained, constituent support for foreign aid dwindles, and U.S. industries seek Federal assistance. The Trade and Development Agency is one of several Government agencies involved in "aid for trade"--programs that combine development assistance and export promotion.
Date: August 5, 1993
Creator: Epstein, Susan B.
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The Japan-United States Framework for Trade Negotiations

Description: President Clinton proposed to Prime Minister Miyazawa the idea of a framework for U.S.-Japanese negotiations during their April 13, 1993 meeting in Washington. The two leaders agreed to instruct subordinates to prepare details of such a framework in time for presentation in July in Tokyo when the President would meet with the Prime Minister and the other G-7 leaders at the annual economic summit.
Date: August 6, 1993
Creator: Cooper, William H.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Restricting Softwood Log Exports: Policy and Legal Implications

Description: The Pacific Northwest is a major exporter of unprocessed softwood logs to foreign countries, such as Japan, that are often sold at premium prices. Consequently, some local mills have had difficulty obtaining unprocessed logs, which has contributed to the loss of timber industry jobs in the Pacific Northwest. Thus, many believe that exporting logs is the economic and moral equivalent of exporting U.S. jobs.
Date: August 13, 1993
Creator: Gorte, Ross W. & Thomas, Kenneth R.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan's Import Protection: Quantitative Measures and Effects on U.S. Exports

Description: Some indirect measures of Japan's import barriers indicate that Japan's import behavior is unusual, but some do not. Japan's trade surplus is large, but the United States exports as much to that market as it does to other major industrialized nations. Japan's imports of manufactures, however, are low relative to levels in other industrialized nations.
Date: August 20, 1993
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan-U.S. Trade: Results of Trade Negotiations

Description: ave Japan's trade concessions resulted in more U.S. exports? One premise of the more results-oriented trade policy toward Japan now being pursued is that past concessions have not caused U.S. exports to Japan to rise. The only success story seems to be that of semiconductors in which a specific goal of 20 percent of the Japanese market was set and attained.
Date: October 15, 1993
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan's Global Trade Surplus: Its Nature and Significance

Description: Japan's global current account surplus is expected to reach $150 billion in 1993, up substantially from a modest $36 billion in 1990. The movement of Japan's current account surplus in this period is, perhaps, more dramatic as a share of GDP, going from a substantial 3.6 percent in 1987, down to a modest 1.2 percent in 1990, and up again to about 3.1 percent in 1992. Japan's growing surplus is criticized as a consequence of that country's barriers to trade, and as a drag on the economic recover… more
Date: October 29, 1993
Creator: Elwell, Craig K.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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NAFTA: A Broad Economic Perspective

Description: Most economists believe that the main economic benefit of NAFTA will be that, over time, it will increase productivity and incomes in the United States, Mexico and Canada. In this view, living standards of all three countries will be higher than without a NAFTA. In the near term, some reallocation of resources will occur within each country, generating gains for some producers and costs for others. New industries emerge, some industries expand, some contract, and some die. Since the Mexican and… more
Date: November 9, 1993
Creator: Wilson, Arlene
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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APEC - Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation: Free Trade and Other Issues

Description: As a result of an initiative by Australia in 1989, the United States joined with eleven other Asia/Pacific nations in creating APEC, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation organization. This report discusses the annual Ministerial Meeting of APEC in Seattle, held from November 17 - 19, 1993.
Date: November 10, 1993
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan and NAFTA

Description: Japan, as an issue, has entered the debate over U.S. approval of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in several ways. The Clinton Administration has argued that Americans should support NAFTA because if it fails to pass Congress, Japan will rush to negotiate a similar arrangement with Mexico. Proponents of NAFTA also have argued that since Japan opposes NAFTA (because of its presumed protectionism and the benefits it provides to North American businesses), it must be "good for Ameri… more
Date: November 12, 1993
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan-U.S. Trade: Results of Trade Negotiations - An Issue Overview

Description: On May 25, 1989, President Bush proposed that the United States undertake the Structural Impediments Initiative (SII), a series of discussions with Japan to address certain fundamental Japanese economic policies and business practices that the United States claims impede U.S. exports and investments. The SII was, in part, a Bush Administration response to the stubborn U.S. trade deficit and other problems that have caused friction in the U.S. trading relationship with Japan. It was also … more
Date: November 24, 1993
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Trade Issues in the 103rd Congress

Description: Trade and trade-related issues are prominent parts of the agenda of the 103rd Congress. The Congress has already acted on some issues, in particular the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It will have to consider legislation to implement the trade agreements reached during the Uruguay Round of the GATT, which was completed on Dec. 15,1993.
Date: December 17, 1993
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Most-Favored-Nation Status Policy of the United States

Description: While the United States accords most-favored-nation (nondiscriminatory) treatment to many foreign countries on the basis of bilateral trade treaties or agreements, and to many more by virtue of being a signatory of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, MFN treatment is applied mostly as a matter of statutory policy generally to all trading partners except those whose MFN status has been suspended by specific legislation. Virtually all suspensions have been carried out under the mandate of… more
Date: January 6, 1994
Creator: Pregelj, Vladimir N.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan's Keiretsu: Industrial Groups as Trade Barriers

Description: A prominent feature of Japan's capitalism consists of families of companies called keiretsu that are linked by crossholdings of stock shares, intra-group financing, and certain coordinating mechanisms. Two types of keiretsu exist: large horizontally organized industrial conglomerates, such as Mitsubishi, Mitsui, and Sumitomo, and vertically integrated manufacturers, such as Toyota, Nippon Steel, and Matsushita Electric. They have become a contentious issue in U.S. trade negotiations with Japan … more
Date: January 30, 1994
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China: Current U.S. Sanctions

Description: In the months following China,s 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown, both the President and the Congress took a number of initiatives protesting Beijing's actions. These initiatives centered around U.S. concerns related to trade, human rights, and non-proliferation. In intervening years, the United States has periodically imposed, lifted, or waived other sanctions and concluded several trade- related agreements with China relating to these concerns. Those measures that remain in place in 1994 are… more
Date: February 8, 1994
Creator: Dumbaugh, Kerry
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A Reappraisal of Foreign Investment Policy

Description: The rise of the multinational corporation and the increased flow of capital across national borders have raised anew the question of how to treat foreign direct investment, both inward and outward. The U.S. government and, increasingly, other governments advocate that, with some exceptions, economic policies should be neutral in the treatment of investment, foreign and domestic, inward and outward. This report discusses the changing view of foreign investment, both nationally and internationall… more
Date: February 8, 1994
Creator: Reifman, Alfred
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Trade and Environment: Treatment in Recent Agreements--GATT and NAFTA

Description: This report reviews some of the concerns surrounding the environment work program and other environmental issues. It briefly describes work underway in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and current thinking underlying development of U.S. positions on trade and the environment in the GATT.
Date: February 24, 1994
Creator: Fletcher, Susan R. & Tiemann, Mary
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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