Congressional Research Service Reports - 85 Matching Results

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U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices

Description: Petroleum prices have continued to rise sharply in 2008, at one time reaching more than $140 per barrel of crude oil. At the same time the average monthly volume of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energy-related petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. The prices of energy imports have been on a steady rise since summer of 2007, defying the pattern … more
Date: October 10, 2008
Creator: Jackson, James K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Burma: Economic Sanctions

Description: On October 19, 2007, President George W. Bush issued Executive Order 13449. This followed a September 25, 2007 statement by President Bush that sanctions against Burma, which have been in place since 1997, would be tightened to specifically target leading Burmese officials and impose additional financial and travel sanctions. This report provides background information on existing economic sanctions against Burma and possible options to expand sanctions.
Date: June 10, 2008
Creator: Niksch, Larry A. & Weiss, Martin A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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International Trade: Rules of Origin

Description: "This report deals with rules of origin (ROO) used to determine the country of origin of merchandise entering the U.S. market, in three parts. First, [it] describe in more detail the reasons that country of origin rules are important and briefly describe U.S. laws and methods that provide direction in making these determinations. Second, [the report] discuss briefly some of the more controversial issues involving rules of origin, including the apparently subjective nature of some U.S. Customs a… more
Date: June 10, 2008
Creator: Jones, Vivian C. & Martin, Michael F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices

Description: This report provides an estimate of the initial impact of the rising oil prices on the nation's merchandise trade deficit.
Date: June 10, 2008
Creator: Jackson, James K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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United States-Canada Trade and Economic Relationship: Prospects and Challenges

Description: The United States and Canada conduct the world's largest bilateral trade relationship, with total merchandise trade (exports and imports) exceeding $561.5 billion in 2007. This report examines the various aspects of this trade partnership and presents several policy options for Congress.
Date: May 10, 2008
Creator: Fergusson, Ian F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federal Advertising Law: An Overview

Description: This report provides a brief overview of federal law with respect to six selected advertising issues: alcohol advertising, tobacco advertising, the federal trade commission act, advertising by mail, advertising by telephone, and commercial e-mail.
Date: April 10, 2008
Creator: Cohen, Henry
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Future of the Balkans and U.S. Policy Concerns

Description: This report provides information about the Future of the Balkans and U.S. Policy Concerns where the Unites states,its allies, and local leaders have achieved substantial success in the Balkans in the mid-1990's.
Date: January 10, 2008
Creator: Woehrel, Steven
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy

Description: The report is about the Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy. The economic impact of FTAs and Relevant Legislation. United States has proposed to engage in negotiations to establish bilateral and free trade agreements with a number of trading partners.
Date: July 10, 2007
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties

Description: This report discusses the issues surrounding whether or not the U.S. should grant Russia permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) following its accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO). The change in Russia's trade status will require legislation to lift the restrictions of Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 as they apply to Russia, which includes the "freedom-of-emigration" requirements of the Jackson-Vanik amendment.
Date: July 10, 2007
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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World Trade Organization Negotiations: The Doha Development Agenda

Description: This report discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO) Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, begun in November 2001, which has entered its 11th year. It includes background on Doha and the significance of the negotiations, as well as a breakdown of issues on the Doha agenda and the role of the Congress.
Date: July 10, 2006
Creator: Fergusson, Ian F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Article 98 Agreements and Sanctions on U.S. Foreign Aid to Latin America

Description: This report discusses the so-called “Article 98 agreements”. The article contains a provision that the Bush Administration has sought bilateral agreements worldwide to exempt U.S. citizens from ICC prosecution. In 2002, Congress passed the American Servicemembers’ Protection Act or ASPA (P.L. 107-206, title II), which prohibits military assistance to countries that are party to the ICC and that do not have Article 98 agreements. Some Members of Congress and Bush Administration officials have ex… more
Date: April 10, 2006
Creator: Ribando, Clare
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute

Description: In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a formal challenge before the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the European Union’s (EU’s) de facto moratorium on approving new agricultural biotechnology products, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a genetically engineered (GE) corn variety, the three countries are pursuing the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block approved biotech produc… more
Date: March 10, 2006
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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DR-CAFTA: Regional Issues

Description: This report provides information about the Regional Issues on DR-CAFTA. On August 5th The United States signed the DR-CAFTA agreement with Costa rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua etc.
Date: February 10, 2006
Creator: Ribando, Clare
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Avian Influenza: Agricultural Issues

Description: This report is about Avian Influenza, specifically about agricultural issues.
Date: November 10, 2005
Creator: Monke, Jim
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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DR-CAFTA: Regional Issues

Description: On August 5, 2004, the United States signed the U.S- Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) with five Central American countries (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua) and the Dominican Republic. DR-CAFTA could have a significant effect on U.S. relations with the region, primarily by establishing a permanent and reciprocal trade preference arrangement among the signatory countries. DR-CAFTA must now be ratified by each country’s legislature and… more
Date: June 10, 2005
Creator: Ribando, Clare
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Agriculture in the WTO: Limits on Domestic Support

Description: Most provisions of the current “farm bill,” the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act (FSRIA) of 2002 (P.L. 107-171), do not expire until 2007. However, hearings on a 2007 farm bill could begin in late 2005. At that time, Congress will begin to examine farm income and commodity price support proposals that might succeed the programs due to expire in 2007. A key question likely to be asked of virtually every new proposal is how it will affect U.S. commitments under the WTO’s Agreement on Agricu… more
Date: May 10, 2005
Creator: Schnepf, Randy
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China's Exchange Rate Peg: Economic Issues and Options for U.S. Trade Policy

Description: The continued rise in the U.S.-China trade imbalance and complaints from U.S. manufacturing firms and workers over the competitive challenges posed by cheap Chinese imports have led several Members to call for a more aggressive U.S. stance against certain Chinese trade policies they deem to be unfair, such as China’s policy of pegging its currency (the yuan) to the U.S. dollar. Some Members assert this policy constitutes a form of “currency manipulation” intended to give China an unfair trade a… more
Date: May 10, 2005
Creator: Morrison, Wayne M. & Labonte, Marc
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues

Description: This report focuses on the trade adjustment assistance program for firms and industries, which provides technical assistance to help them develop strategies to remain competitive in the changing international economy.
Date: March 10, 2005
Creator: Hornbeck, J. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Doha Development Agenda: The WTO Framework Agreement

Description: On July 31, 2004, the 147 members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) reached a Framework Agreement for conducting future Doha Round trade negotiations. The Framework Agreement is the latest step in the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) round of trade negotiations at the WTO, which was launched at the 4th Ministerial of the WTO at Doha, Qatar in November 2001. This report provides analysis of the framework agreement and its significant results (agriculture, industrial market access, services, and… more
Date: February 10, 2005
Creator: Fergusson, Ian F. & Hanrahan, Charles E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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India-U.S. Economic Relations

Description: This report examines the economic and trade relations of the United States and India. Since India is the world's most populous democracy, a U.S. ally in anti-terrorism efforts, and a potentially major export market, India's economic development and its trade relations with the United States are of concern to Congress.
Date: February 10, 2005
Creator: Morrison, Wayne & Kronstadt, Alan
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Technology Transfer: Use of Federally Funded Research and Development

Description: The government spends approximately one-third of the $83 billion federal R&D budget for intramural research and development to meet mission requirements in over 700 government laboratories (including Federally Funded Research and Development Centers). The technology and expertise generated by this endeavor may have application beyond the immediate goals or intent of federally funded R&D.
Date: January 10, 2005
Creator: Schacht, Wendy H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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