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APEC and Free Trade in the Asia Pacific

Description: This report discusses the summit held by President Bill Clinton and other leaders of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) on November 19, 1995. The report discusses the primary reason for the summit, an Action Agenda intended to lead to free and open trade and investment among its members. The report also discusses how APEC countries were divided on certain issues going into this summit.
Date: November 14, 1995
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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APEC and the 1997 Summit in Vancouver

Description: This report discusses the November 25, 1997 summit held by leaders of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in Vancouver, B.C., Canada. The purpose of the summit was to further pursue the APEC agenda of endorsing a framework developed by APEC leaders' finance ministers to promote financial stability in the Asia-Pacific region and to supplement resources by the International Monetary Fund when necessary.
Date: December 8, 1997
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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APEC - Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation: Free Trade and Other Issues

Description: As a result of an initiative by Australia in 1989, the United States joined with eleven other Asia/Pacific nations in creating APEC, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation organization. This report discusses the annual Ministerial Meeting of APEC in Seattle, held from November 17 - 19, 1993.
Date: November 10, 1993
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the 2000 Summit in Brunei

Description: On November 15-16, 2000, the Eighth Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders' Meeting (summit) was held in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. In addition to the APEC summit, President Clinton held bilateral summits with several leaders of APEC countries ­ including China, Russia, Japan, and South Korea. For the United States, APEC raises fundamental questions of special interest to Congress. One is whether consensus can be achieved on the APEC vision of free trade and investment in the Asia P… more
Date: January 23, 2001
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Free Trade, and the 2001 Summit in Shanghai

Description: On October 20-21, 2001, the Ninth APEC Leaders’ Meeting (summit) was hosted by China in Shanghai. The office theme for APEC 2001 was “Meeting New Challenges in the New Century: Achieving Common Prosperity through Participation and Cooperation” with the sub-themes of: (1) sharing the benefits of globalization and the new economy, (2) advancing trade and investment, and (3) promoting sustained economic growth. For the United States, APEC raises fundamental questions that are of special interest t… more
Date: October 26, 2001
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Free Trade, and the 2002 Summit in Mexico

Description: On October 26-27, 2002, the Tenth APEC Leaders’ Meeting (summit) was hosted by Mexico in Las Cabos, Mexico. The official theme for APEC 2002 is to expand the benefits of cooperation for economic growth and development and enable the APEC vision to be implemented. For the United States, APEC raises fundamental questions that are of special interest to Congress. One is whether consensus can be achieved on the APEC vision of free trade and investment in the Asia Pacific or whether future trade lib… more
Date: December 11, 2002
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Free Trade, and the 2002 Summit in Mexico

Description: On October 26-27, 2002, the Tenth APEC Leaders’ Meeting (summit) was hosted by Mexico in Las Cabos, Mexico. The official theme for APEC 2002 is to expand the benefits of cooperation for economic growth and development and enable the APEC vision to be implemented. For the United States, APEC raises fundamental questions that are of special interest to Congress. One is whether consensus can be achieved on the APEC vision of free trade and investment in the Asia Pacific or whether future trade lib… more
Date: October 17, 2002
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Free Trade, and the 2003 Summit in Bangkok, Thailand

Description: On October 20-21, 2003, the Eleventh APEC Leader’s Meeting (informal summit) was held in Bangkok, Thailand. The theme for APEC 2003 is “A World of Differences: Partnership for the Future” which is intended to bring together the best potential of all APEC economies to confront the challenges of the future, particularly in achieving the APEC goal of free and open trade and investment for developed APEC economies. For the United States, APEC raises fundamental questions that are of special interes… more
Date: August 1, 2003
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Automobiles Imported from Japan

Description: In recent years, U.S. automotive imports from Japan have seen an increasing at an unusually rapid pace. Congress is considering measures that alleviate the situation and in June 1980 concurrently resolved to promote the competitiveness of U.S. industry in world automobile and truck markets. As a result of the restraint agreement, automobile imports from Japan dropped from 1.99 million units in 1980 to 1.91 million units in 1981 (calendar year).
Date: March 12, 1980
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Congress and Trade Policy Toward Japan

Description: Congressional policymaking with respect to trade with Japan is driven by strong domestic interests, appeals to broad political principles, and numerous horror stories. The $43 billion U.S. trade deficit with Japan continues to be a focus of attention, but the deficit is an issue because it reflects aggressive competition between Japanese companies and U.S. industries.
Date: April 15, 1992
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Deregulation as Market Opening in Japan

Description: Deregulation of Japan's economy is of interest to the United States because regulations may work as nontariff barriers to U.S. exports and contribute to the $60 billion U.S. bilateral merchandise trade deficit. Excessive regulations also may hamper the ability of the Japanese economy to recover from recession and to augment world wide economic growth. The United States has submitted a request of about 200 items that it would like Japan to deregulate. Negotiations are continuing under the Framew… more
Date: February 1, 1995
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Dispute Settlement Under the WTO and Trade Problems with Japan

Description: Under the World Trade Organization (WTO), the United States may use the dispute settlement mechanism to resolve certain trade problems with Japan. As compared with the mechanism under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the WTO offers expanded coverage and nearly automatic approval for panel requests and reports.
Date: October 5, 1994
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Dispute Settlement Under the WTO and Trade Problems with Japan

Description: Under the World Trade Organization (WTO), the United States may use the dispute settlement mechanism to resolve certain trade problems with Japan. As compared with the mechanism under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the WTO offers expanded coverage and nearly automatic approval for panel requests and reports.
Date: December 23, 1994
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Federal Reserve's Arrangement for Emergency Loans to Japanese Banks

Description: The U.S. Federal Reserve reportedly has an arrangement with the Bank of Japan to provide emergency loans to Japanese banks operating overseas in exchange for U.S. Treasury securities. The collateralized loans would be extended on short notice for banks facing emergency liquidity needs. The purpose of the arrangement is to forestall the possible sale by Japanese banks of large amounts of U.S. Government securities (thereby raising U.S. interest rates) and to boost confidence in Japan's financi… more
Date: December 27, 1995
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Financial Services Trade with Japan

Description: The 1995 U.S.-Japan Financial Services Agreement further liberalizes aspects of Japan's financial markets, particularly in asset management, corporate securities, cross-border financial services, and in providing greater transparency for administrative procedures. Implementation will have to be monitored, however, and some issues still remain unresolved.
Date: March 24, 1995
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Globalized Supply Chains and U.S. Policy

Description: This report discusses the challenges and opportunities raised by the globalized world of business, in which production becomes fragmented into discrete activities that can be spread geographically within and across national borders while remaining integrated organizationally within a multinational company or network of companies. Such globalized production networks are called supply chains or value-added networks.
Date: January 16, 2009
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan and an East Asian Trading Bloc

Description: The 1990s are likely to be known as the decade of the trading blocs, although these neo-blocs differ considerably from those of the 1930s. Countries are linking to liberalize the flow of trade and investments across their borders without necessarily raising external barriers. The European Community and the European Free Trade Association are linking to create a European Economic Area, and the United States and Canada have joined in negotiations with Mexico to conclude a North America Free Trade… more
Date: February 6, 1992
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan and NAFTA

Description: Japan, as an issue, has entered the debate over U.S. approval of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in several ways. The Clinton Administration has argued that Americans should support NAFTA because if it fails to pass Congress, Japan will rush to negotiate a similar arrangement with Mexico. Proponents of NAFTA also have argued that since Japan opposes NAFTA (because of its presumed protectionism and the benefits it provides to North American businesses), it must be "good for Ameri… more
Date: November 12, 1993
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan: Resale Price Maintenance

Description: Resale price maintenance occurs when manufacturers control the prices charged by wholesalers or retailers of their products. In Japan, such activities are prohibited, although certain exemptions are allowed. The U.S. concern over the practice is that it could allow Japanese firms to generate a secure profit base in their home market in order to finance aggressive price competition abroad.
Date: March 28, 1991
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan-U.S. Trade Relations

Description: This report discusses trade relations between the U.S. and Japan. Commercial aspects of the United States-Japan alliance, in recent years, have begun to dominate the dialogue between the two nations. In particular, friction points have developed over chronic U.S. bilateral trade deficits with Japan, allegations of Japanese protectionism, and rapid incursions into U.S. markets by Japanese export products.
Date: December 28, 1982
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan-U.S. Trade: Results of Trade Negotiations

Description: ave Japan's trade concessions resulted in more U.S. exports? One premise of the more results-oriented trade policy toward Japan now being pursued is that past concessions have not caused U.S. exports to Japan to rise. The only success story seems to be that of semiconductors in which a specific goal of 20 percent of the Japanese market was set and attained.
Date: October 15, 1993
Creator: Nanto, Dick K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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