Congressional Research Service Reports - 234 Matching Results

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Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion

Description: The first section of this report reviews what countries might be considered tax havens, including a discussion of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) initiatives and lists. The next two sections discuss, in turn, the corporate profit-shifting mechanisms and evidence on the existence and magnitude of profit shifting activity. The following two sections provide the same analysis for individual tax evasion. The report concludes with overviews of alternative policy opti… more
Date: September 3, 2010
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion

Description: The first section of this report reviews what countries might be considered tax havens, including a discussion of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) initiatives and lists. The next two sections discuss, in turn, the corporate profit-shifting mechanisms and evidence on the existence and magnitude of profit shifting activity. The following two sections provide the same analysis for individual tax evasion. The report concludes with overviews of alternative policy opti… more
Date: June 4, 2010
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tax Credit Bonds: Overview and Analysis

Description: Almost all state and local governments sell bonds to finance public projects and certain qualified private activities. Most of the bonds issued are tax-exempt bonds because the interest payments are not included in the bondholder's (purchaser's) federal taxable income. In contrast, Tax Credit Bonds (TCBs) are a type of bond that offers the holder a federal tax credit instead of interest. This report explains the tax credit mechanism and describes the market for the bonds.
Date: July 29, 2010
Creator: Maguire, Steven
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A History of Federal Estate, Gift, and Generation-Skipping Taxes

Description: This report details the history of the three federal transfer taxes, tracing their development from their 18th-century roots to the present.
Date: January 24, 2011
Creator: Luckey, John R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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2012 Farm Bill: Changing the Treatment of LIHEAP Receipt in the Calculation of SNAP Benefits

Description: This report describes the contents of the 2012 Farm Bill, cost reducing measures in the Farm Bill, and the implications of both of these. Specifically, the report focuses on SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) which is a cost saving measure that addresses how certain deductions from income will be calculated.
Date: July 10, 2012
Creator: Aussenberg, Randy Alison & Perl, Libby
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The 2001 and 2003 Bush Tax Cuts and Deficit Reduction

Description: This report uses the context of the current and long-term economic environment to examine the tax cuts implemented by the George W. Bush Administration, including the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 and the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003.
Date: July 23, 2012
Creator: Hungerford, Thomas L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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1099 Information Reporting Requirements and Penalties as Modified by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010

Description: This report discuses the 2010 expansion of reporting requirements listed in IRC (Internal Revenue Code) 6041. The controversy in these expansions lies in the burden the expansion imposes on small businesses. The report also describes the pieces of legislation that have amended IRC 6041, and the implications of that legislation along with the consequences of IRC 6041.
Date: February 25, 2011
Creator: Pettit, Carol A. & Liu, Edward C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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What Effects Would the Expiration of the 2001 and 2003 Tax Cuts Have on the Economy?

Description: In 2001 and 2003, Congress enacted major tax cuts (popularly referred to as the "Bush tax cuts"), the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 and the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003. Congress is currently debating whether to extend some or all of these tax cuts that are scheduled to expire at the end of 2010. This report discusses the two main economic arguments against allowing the tax cuts to expire as scheduled, using historical evidence and by examini… more
Date: October 5, 2010
Creator: Labonte, Marc
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Residential Energy Tax Credits: Overview and Analysis

Description: This report discusses current residential energy tax credits, options to extend or modify them, and an analysis of their effectiveness.
Date: April 9, 2018
Creator: Crandall-Hollick, Margot L. & Sherlock, Molly F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Individual Mandate for Health Insurance Coverage: In Brief

Description: This report provides an overview of the individual mandate, its associated penalty, and the exemptions from the mandate. It discusses the ACA reporting requirements designed, in part, to assist individuals in providing evidence of having met the mandate. The report includes some national- and state-level data on the application of the mandate's penalty in tax year (TY) 2014 and TY2015.
Date: November 16, 2017
Creator: Mach, Annie L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

501(c)(4)s and the Gift Tax: Legal Analysis

Description: This report discusses whether substantial donations to tax-exempt 501(c)(4) organizations are subject to the federal gift tax.
Date: August 10, 2012
Creator: Luckey, John R. & Lunder, Erika K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Selected Recently Expired Business Tax Provisions ("Tax Extenders")

Description: This report briefly summarizes and discusses the economic impact of selected business-related tax provisions that expired at the end of 2013 and that are being considered for extension.
Date: April 30, 2014
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.; Marples, Donald J. & Sherlock, Molly F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Taxation of Unemployment Benefits

Description: Unemployment compensation (UC) benefits have been fully subject to the federal income tax since the passage of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-514). Individuals who receive UC benefits during a year may elect to have the federal (and in some cases state) income tax withheld from their benefits. This report provides an overview of the taxation of UC benefits and legislation related to taxing UC benefits.
Date: March 6, 2014
Creator: Whittaker, Julie M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Spending and Tax Expenditures: Distinctions and Major Programs

Description: This report identifies the largest spending and tax expenditures across eight major categories of federal activity: (1) defense and international affairs; (2) general science, space and technology, natural resources and the environment, and agriculture; (3) commerce and housing, community and regional development, and transportation; (4) education, training, employment, and social services; (5) health, including Medicare; (6) income security; (7) Social Security and veterans' benefits; and (8) … more
Date: June 17, 2016
Creator: Driessen, Grant A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Recent Changes in the Estate and Gift Tax Provisions

Description: This report describes the basic structure of the estate and gift tax, provides a brief history of recent developments, discusses the revenue effects and distribution of the tax, and briefly discusses issues and options.
Date: January 11, 2018
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The 2017 Tax Revision (P.L. 115-97): Comparison to 2017 Tax Law

Description: This report provides a brief summary of P.L. 115-97 (The tax revision law), comparing each provision in the act with prior tax law. The report also provides a brief legislative history of activity leading to enactment of P.L. 115-97, along with estimated revenue and distributional effects of the recently enacted law.
Date: February 6, 2018
Creator: Sherlock, Molly F. & Marples, Donald J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Business Tax Provisions that Expired in 2017 (Tax Extenders")

Description: This report discusses twelve temporary business tax extenders which expired at the end of 2017.
Date: March 29, 2018
Creator: Sherlock, Molly F.; Gravelle, Jane G.; Lowry, Sean & Marples, Donald J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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