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Congressional Research Service Reports
Dolphin Protection and Tuna Seining
Date: August 29, 1997
Creator: Buck, Eugene H
Description: From its inception in 1972, one of the goals of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) was to reduce the incidental mortality of dolphins in the ETP tuna fishery. Regulations promulgated under MMPA authority set standards for tuna seining and motivated technological improvements that reduced dolphin mortalities in this fishery -- by 1977, annual dolphin mortality by U.S. tuna seiners had declined to about 25,450 animals. Despite the extensive mortalities, no ETP dolphin population has been listed as endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. However, two ETP dolphin stocks were listed as depleted under the MMPA.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
Permallink:digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs389/
Cruise Ship Pollution: Background, Laws and Regulations, and Key Issues
Date: July 1, 2008
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
Description: This report describes the several types of waste streams that cruise ships may discharge and emit. It identifies the complex body of international and domestic laws that address pollution from cruise ships. It then describes federal and state legislative activity concerning cruise ships in Alaskan waters and activities in a few other states, as well as current industry initiatives to manage cruise ship pollution.
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Permallink:digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc93985/
Active Military Sonar and Marine Mammals: Events and References
Date: February 11, 2008
Creator: Buck, Eugene H.
Description: This report summarizes legal and political events related to active sonar and marine mammals since 1994. The report discusses the deployment of active sonar by the U.S. Navy and its potential impacts on marine mammals has been an ongoing issue of intense debate; regulatory, legislative, and judicial activity; and international concern.
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Permallink:digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc98059/
Department of the Interior (DOI) Reorganization of Ocean Energy Programs
Date: July 11, 2012
Creator: Hagerty, Curry L.
Description: This report looks at recent Department of the Interior (DOI) institutional reforms and use of its new regulatory framework. These changes are meant to facilitate ocean energy development that was mandated by the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA).
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
Permallink:digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc98024/
Effects of Radiation from Fukushima Dai-ichi on the U.S. Marine Environment
Date: January 20, 2012
Creator: Buck, Eugene H.
Description: The massive Tohoku earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011, caused extensive damage in northeastern Japan, including damage to the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power installation, which resulted in the release of radiation. Concerns have arisen about the potential effects of this released radiation on the U.S. marine environment and resources. This report discusses these concerns.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
Permallink:digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87177/
Marine Protected Areas: An Overview
Date: September 29, 2010
Creator: Upton, Harold E.
Description: Marine protected areas (MPAs) are generally defined as areas reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment. This report identifies a number of issues related to establishing MPAs in the United States. It begins by defining the concept and administrative actions taken to provide spatial protection in marine areas. It then considers some of the key issues and potential benefits and costs of designating additional MPAs. It concludes by considering potential areas of congressional interest for the 111th Congress. Existing federal laws related to the use of MPAs are summarized in the Appendix.
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Permallink:digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29650/
Marine Dead Zones: Understanding the Problem
Date: November 23, 1998
Creator: Dandelski, John R
Description: None
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Permallink:digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs740/
Agreements to Promote Fishery Conservation and Management in International Waters
Date: January 5, 1996
Creator: Buck, Eugene H.
Description: Declining fish populations threaten an important food source. Natural catastrophes, pollution, habitat destruction, and overfishing contribute to the depletion of fish stocks. Overexploitation of fishery resources often occurs when management allows expanding and increasingly efficient fishing fleets to continue harvesting dwindling supplies. Although prevalent, overexploitation is not universal and its extent varies among areas, species, and fisheries. This report discusses the issue of overfishing and its possible consequences, as well as domestic and international efforts to combat overfishing.
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Permallink:digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs341/
Environmental Exemptions for the Navy's Mid-Frequency Active Sonar Training Program
Date: April 15, 2008
Creator: Alexander, Kristina
Description: This report discusses laws related to the protection of marine mammals when using mid-frequency active sonar including the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA). The report discusses each of the laws generally, and then reviews the litigation surrounding the Navy's compliance with these laws in the context of using the sonar for training purposes off California's coast.
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Permallink:digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94139/
Coastal Zone Management: Background and Reauthorization Issues
Date: June 20, 2008
Creator: Upton, Harold F.
Description: This report provides an overview of the coastal population and costal environmental threats. The report discusses the implementation and reauthorization Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) that was first enacted in 1972. Congress has reauthorized or amended this act eight times since 1972, responding to changing issues combined with a continuing interest in assisting states to manage their coastal resources.
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Permallink:digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94133/