Congressional Research Service Reports - 216 Matching Results

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Education Vouchers: Constitutional Issues and Cases

Description: This report details the constitutional standards that currently apply to indirect school aid programs and summarizes all of the pertinent Supreme Court decisions, with particular attention to Zelman. It also summarizes the pending case of Davey v. Locke and other recent and ongoing state and lower federal court cases concerning vouchers.
Date: May 20, 2003
Creator: Ackerman, David M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Average Years of Service for Members of the Senate and House of Representatives, First - 110th Congresses

Description: The average tenure of Members of the Senate and House of Representatives at the beginning of each Congress has varied substantially since 1789. The purpose of this report is to provide a Congress-by-Congress summary of the average years of service for Senators and Representatives for the First through the 110th Congresses.
Date: May 20, 2008
Creator: Amer, Mildred
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Energy Policy: Setting the Stage for the Current Debate

Description: The Bush Administration issued its plan for a national energy policy on May 16, 2001. The plan was controversial, characterized by some as leaner on conservation and renewables than Democratic proposals, and predisposed to trade off environmental considerations to increase supply. Comprehensive energy legislation was introduced in the Senate by both parties by late March (S. 388, S. 389, S. 596, S. 597). Bills reported by several House committees (H.R. 2436, H.R. 2460, H.R. 2511, and H.R. 2587)… more
Date: September 20, 2002
Creator: Bamberger, Robert L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Energy Policy: Comprehensive Energy Legislation (H.R. 6, S. 10) in the 109th Congress

Description: The House passed H.R. 6, the Energy Policy Act of 2005, on April 21, 2005 (249-183). The legislation includes a “safe harbor” provision to protect methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) refiners from product liability suits, which was retained after a close vote on an amendment to drop the language (213-219). In the 108th Congress, there was opposition to this provision in the Senate. It is unclear how its inclusion may affect Senate passage of an energy bill in the 109th Congress. House Republican… more
Date: June 20, 2005
Creator: Bamberger, Robert L. & Behrens, Carl E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Defense Cleanup and Environmental Programs: Authorization and Appropriations for FY2003

Description: The Department of Defense (DOD) administers five environmental programs in response to various requirements under federal environmental laws. These programs include environmental cleanup, environmental compliance, pollution prevention, environmental technology, and conservation. Additionally, the Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for managing defense nuclear waste and cleaning up contaminated nuclear weapons sites. The Administration requested a total of $11.17 billion for these program… more
Date: August 20, 2002
Creator: Bearden, David M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Defense Cleanup and Environmental Programs: Authorization and Appropriations for FY2003

Description: The Department of Defense (DOD) administers five environmental programs in response to various requirements under federal environmental laws. These programs include environmental cleanup, environmental compliance, pollution prevention, environmental technology, and conservation. Additionally, the Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for managing defense nuclear waste and cleaning up contaminated nuclear weapons sites. The Administration requested a total of $11.17 billion for these program… more
Date: December 20, 2002
Creator: Bearden, David M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods

Description: This report briefly discusses the USDA's FY2006 appropriation, which postpones rules requiring many retailers to provide country-of-origin labeling (COOL) for fresh produce, red meats, and peanuts until September 30, 2008. The report also discusses related legislation.
Date: March 20, 2006
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Farm and Food Support Under USDA's Section 32 Program

Description: The 110th Congress in June 2008 passed a new omnibus farm bill (P.L. 110-246). Provisions in this new law now spell out more explicitly how the Secretary is to use the annual Section 32 appropriation. Section 32 of the act of August 24, 1935 (P.L. 74-320 as amended; 7 U.S.C. 612c) authorizes a permanent appropriation equal to 30% of annual U.S. customs receipts.
Date: February 20, 2009
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federal Farm Promotion ("Check-off") Programs

Description: The U.S. Supreme Court in 2005 affirmed the constitutionality of the so-called beef check-off program, one of the 18 generic promotion programs for agricultural products that are now active nationally. Supporters view check-offs as economically beneficial self-help activities that need minimal government involvement or taxpayer funding. Producers, handlers, and/or importers are required to pay an assessment, usually deducted from revenue at time of sale - thus the name check-off. However, some … more
Date: October 20, 2008
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Meat and Poultry Inspection Issues

Description: No Description Available.
Date: April 20, 2005
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Nuclear Nonproliferation Issues

Description: This report includes information regarding nuclear proliferation issues. Aspects of this report discuss international nonproliferation structures, U.S. policy, and nuclear proliferation in specific regions.
Date: January 20, 2006
Creator: Behrens, Carl E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Value-Added Tax as a New Revenue Source

Description: This report details information regarding value-added tax as a new revenue source. Information such as background, analysis, and legislation is included.
Date: April 20, 2006
Creator: Bickley, James M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A Value-Added Tax Contrasted With a National Sales Tax

Description: President George W. Bush has stated that tax reform will be one of his top priorities in the 109th Congress. Some form of a value-added tax (VAT) has been frequently discussed as a replacement to the U.S. income tax system. In addition, some Members of Congress has expressed interest in the feasibility of using a value-added tax to finance health care reform.
Date: April 20, 2006
Creator: Bickley, James M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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District of Columbia Appropriations Act for FY2002: Comparison of General Provisions of P.L. 106-522 and House, Senate, and Conference Versions of H.R. 2944

Description: On December 21, 2001, President Bush signed into law the District of Columbia Appropriations Act for FY 2002. The House on December 6, 2001, and the Senate on December 7, 2001 approved the conference report accompanying H.R. 2944, after resolving significant differences in the general provision of their respective versions of the act.
Date: January 20, 2002
Creator: Boyd, Eugene
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Defense Production Act of 1950: History, Authorities, and Considerations for Congress

Description: This report examines some of the extensive history of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA), focusing primarily on its creation and most recent legislative reauthorization. This report also identifies relevant delegations of the President's DPA authorities made in Executive Order (E.O.) 13603 -- National Defense Resources Preparedness -- and provides a brief overview of issues Congress may consider in its oversight.
Date: November 20, 2018
Creator: Brown, Jared T. & Schwartz, Moshe
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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