Congressional Research Service Reports - 771 Matching Results
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- The Definition of "Supervisor" Under the National Labor Relations Act
- This report contains the definition of Employee under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), including an overview of the RESPECT Act.
- Homeland Security and Labor-Management Relations: NTEU v. Chertoff
- This report provides a summary of the opinions of the district court and court of appeals and subsequent developments.
- Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2008 Appropriations
- This report is a guide to one of the regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year.
- Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation: A Fact Sheet
- The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a federal government agency established in 1974 by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) (P.L. 93- 406). It was created to protect the pensions of participants and beneficiaries covered by private sector, defined benefit (DB) plans. These pension plans provide a specified monthly benefit at retirement, usually either a percent of salary or a flat dollar amount multiplied by years of service. Defined contribution plans, such as §401(k) plans, are not insured. The PBGC is chaired by the Secretary of Labor, with the Secretaries of Treasury and Commerce serving as board members.
- State and Local Restrictions on Employing, Renting Property to, or Providing Services for Unauthorized Aliens: Legal Issues and Recent Judicial Developments
- This report discusses the constitutional issues raised in relation to state and local laws intended to deter the presence of unauthorized aliens, along with the implications that federal civil rights statutes might have on the implementation and enforcement of measures restricting such persons' ability to obtain employment, housing, or other state and local benefits or services.
- Immigration: The Effects on Low-Skilled and High-Skilled Native-Born Workers
- The report opens with a discussion of how to analyze the impact of immigrants on the pay and job opportunities of native-born workers. It then uses this framework to examine and interpret the empirical literature on the subject. The report concludes with a discussion of policy implications.
- The Effects on U.S. Farm Workers of an Agricultural Guest Worker Program
- No Description Available.
- Farm Labor Shortages and Immigration Policy
- This report first explains the connection made over the past several years between farm labor and immigration policies. It next examines the composition of the seasonal agricultural labor force and presents the arguments of grower and farm worker advocates concerning its adequacy relative to employer demand. The report then analyzes trends in employment, unemployment time worked and wages of authorized and unauthorized farm workers to determine whether they are consistent with the existence of a nationwide shortage of domestically available farm workers.
- Veterans Benefits: Federal Employment Assistance
- This report will provide an overview of these federal employment and training programs targeted to veterans, and federal policies to assist veterans in obtaining federal employment.
- Labor-Management Relations and the Federal Aviation Administration: Background and Current Legislative Issues
- This report discusses labor-management relations at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the 2006 implementation of a new labor contract on air traffic controllers. The FAA's ability to implement the new contract with its controllers was arguably supported by a mediation procedure prescribed by federal law. This report provides background information on the mediation procedure, discusses litigation involving the FAA and two labor organizations, and examines legislative attempts to amend the existing system.
- The Family and Medical Leave Act: Recent Legislative and Regulatory Activity
- This report begins with a brief overview of the major features of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and its regulations The various proposals that have been made to amend the act since its inception more than a decade ago are then categorized and discussed. It closes with a review of legislative and regulatory activity.
- Federal Contract Labor Standards Statutes: An Overview
- This report provides information about the Federal Contract Labor Standards Statutes.It also presents a brief historical introduction to the three federal labor contract statutes.
- The Davis-Bacon Act: Institutional Evolution and Public Policy
- This report examines policy issues the Davis-Bacon Act has sparked through the years and which remain a part of the Davis-Bacon debate of the 1990s. These include such questions as: wage rate determination procedures, reporting requirements under the Copeland Act, an appropriate threshold for activation of the statute, interagency relationships with respect to Davis-Bacon enforcement and compliance activity, administrative or judicial appeals procedures, the use of "helpers" and other low-skilled workers on covered projects, and the right of a President to suspend the statute as well as the conditions under which such a suspension may occur. That the fundamental premise of the Act remains in contention after 60 years may be, itself, part of the public policy debate.
- Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2008 Appropriations
- No Description Available.
- Davis-Bacon: The Act and the Literature
- The Davis-Bacon Act of 1931, as amended, requires that contractors, engaging in certain federal contract construction, pay workers on such projects not less than the locally prevailing wage for comparable work. In addition, such contractors are required to file payroll reports and to meet other administrative and labor standards requirements. Included in this report is a bibliography of published materials dealing with the Davis-Bacon Act and related issues.
- Programs Funded by the H-1B Visa Education and Training Fee, and Labor Market Conditions for Information Technology (IT) Workers
- This report discusses legislation and funding plans made by Congress in relation to H-1B professional specialty visas granted to foreign workers specifically in the Information Technology sector. Updated October 5, 2007.
- The Family and Medical Leave Act: Recent Legislative and Regulatory Activity
- This report begins with a brief overview of the major features of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and its regulations The various proposals that have been made to amend the act since its inception more than a decade ago are then categorized and discussed. It closes with a review of legislative and regulatory activity.
- The Fair Labor Standards Act: A Historical Sketch of the Overtime Pay Requirements of Section 13(a)(1)
- This report sketches the evolution of the Section 13(a)(1) regulation and explores the arguments, pro and con, that it has encountered.
- Treatment of Workers with Disabilities Under Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act
- No Description Available.
- Leave Benefits in the United States
- This report begins by reviewing U.S. government regulation of time off from work for any purpose. It then examines the incidence of paid leave benefits voluntarily provided by U.S. firms.
- The Workforce Investment Act (WIA): Program-by-Program Overview and Funding of Title I Training Programs
- This report tracks current appropriations and related legislation for Title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA) (P.L. 105-220). Following a brief summary of each WIA program, the report presents the status of legislative proposals contained in the Administration’s FY2007 budget request and compares WIA funding in the FY2006 appropriation, the FY2007 budget request, and the FY2007 House and Senate Appropriations Committee reports.
- Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2008 Appropriations
- No Description Available.
- Pay Discrimination Claims Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act: A Legal Analysis of the Supreme Court’s Decision in Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Inc.
- This report discusses Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Inc., a recent case in which the Supreme Court considered the timeliness of a sex discrimination claim filed under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, which prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
- Veterans Benefits: Federal Employment Assistance
- This report will provide an overview of these federal employment and training programs targeted to veterans, and federal policies to assist veterans in obtaining federal employment.
- Immigration: Legislative Issues on Nonimmigrant Professional Specialty (H-1B) Workers
- This report discusses the latest legislative developments regarding immigration policy for professional workers. It provides analysis for H-1B admissions and legislative issues in the 110th Congress.
- Farm Labor: The Adverse Effect Wage Rate (AEWR)
- This report is written from the perspective of labor policy and details the Adverse Effect Wage Rate (AEWR), related to farm labor, under which a guest worker must be paid state or federal minimum wage.
- The Effects on U.S. Farm Workers of an Agricultural Guest Worker Program
- No Description Available.
- Immigration of Foreign Workers: Labor Market Tests and Protections
- No Description Available.
- Unauthorized Employment in the United States: Issues and Options
- As Congress considers immigration reform and ways to address the unauthorized alien population, the issue of unauthorized employment is the focus of much discussion. This report discusses options for addressing unauthorized employment in the United States.
- Labor Union Recognition Procedures: Use of Secret Ballots and Card Checks
- This report begins with a summary of legislation that would, if enacted, change existing union recognition procedures. The report then reviews the rights and responsibilities of workers and employers under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and the different ways that workers may form or join a union. The report then examines the potential impact of changes in union recognition procedures. Finally, the report considers whether there is an economic rationale for protecting the rights of workers to organize and bargain collectively.
- Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2007 Appropriations
- No Description Available.
- Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) Renewal: Core Labor Standards Issues: A Brief Overview
- This report is a brief overview of key issues addressed in CRS Report RL33864, Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) Renewal: Core Labor Standards Issues. This report (1) identifies key labor provisions in the current TPA law and how they have translated into free trade agreements negotiated under it; (2) presents some legislative options, and summarizes arguments for and against listing enforceable core labor standards as a principal negotiating objective; and (3) looks at possible outcomes and implications of the legislative options.
- Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Officials: Process for Adjusting Pay and Current Salaries
- Leaders and Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives, the Vice President, individuals in positions on the Executive Schedule (EX), and federal justices and judges receive an annual pay adjustment under the Ethics Reform Act of 1989, P.L. 101-194. This report includes five tables which provide the January 2004, January 2005, January 2006, and January 2007 salaries for federal officials, members of the Senior Executive Service (SES), and employees in senior-level (SL), scientific and professional (ST), and GS-15 positions in the Washington, DC, and the “Rest of the United States” locality pay areas.
- Farm Labor Shortages and Immigration Policy
- This report mainly provides information about the Farm Labor Shortages and Immigration Policy.
- Fruits, Vegetables, and Other Specialty Crops: A Primer on Government Programs
- This report describes the federal programs of importance to the specialty crop sector, and provides the most recent funding information available for them.
- Programs Funded by the H-1B Visa Education and Training Fee, and Labor Market Conditions for Information Technology (IT) Workers
- This report discusses legislation and funding plans made by Congress in relation to H-1B professional specialty visas granted to foreign workers specifically in the Information Technology sector.
- Foreign Science and Engineering Presence in U.S. Institutions and the Labor Force
- The scientific community has been divided over proposals to impose stricter immigration limits on people with scientific and technical skills. Attempts to settle upon the balance between the needs for a highly skilled scientific and technical workforce, and the need to protect and ensure job opportunities, salaries, and working conditions of U.S. scientific personnel, will continue to be debated. This report addresses these issues and their implications.
- The Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 (S. 2611): Potential Labor Market Effects of the Guest Worker Program
- No Description Available.
- The Effects on U.S. Farm Workers of an Agricultural Guest Worker Program
- This report discusses the debate concerning an agricultural guest worker program and the impact such a program might have on U.S. workers. Guest worker programs are meant to assure employers (e.g., fruit, vegetable, and horticultural specialty growers) of an adequate supply of labor when and where it is needed, while not adding permanent residents to the U.S. population. They include mechanisms -- such as the H-2A program's labor certification process -- intended to avoid adversely affecting the wages and working conditions of similarly-employed U.S. workers.
- Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2007 Appropriations
- No Description Available.
- Minimum Wage, Overtime Pay, and Child Labor: An Inventory of Proposals in the 109th Congress to Amend the Fair Labor Standards Act
- This report discusses potential changes to the Fair Labor Standards Act that may occur during the 109th Congress.
- Federal Contract Labor Standards Statutes: An Overview
- This report provides information about the Federal Contract Labor Standards Statutes.It also presents a brief historical introduction to the three federal labor contract statutes.
- The Workforce Investment Act (WIA): Program-by-Program Overview and FY2007 Funding of Title I Training Programs
- This report tracks current appropriations and related legislation for Title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA) (P.L. 105-220). Following a brief summary of each WIA program, the report presents the status of legislative proposals contained in the Administration’s FY2007 budget request and compares WIA funding in the FY2006 appropriation, the FY2007 budget request, and the FY2007 House and Senate Appropriations Committee reports.
- The Fair Labor Standards Act: Minimum Wage in the 109th Congress
- No Description Available.
- Labor Practices in the Meat Packing and Poultry Processing Industry: An Overview
- This report is intended as an introduction to the meat packing/processing industry, the unions that have been active in that field, and labor-management practices among the packers and their employees.
- The Fair Labor Standards Act: A Historical Sketch of the Overtime Pay Requirements of Section 13(a)(1)
- No Description Available.
- Foreign Science and Engineering Presence in U.S. Institutions and the Labor Force
- The increased presence of foreign students in graduate science and engineering programs and in the scientific workforce has been and continues to be of concern to some in the scientific community. Enrollment of U.S. citizens in graduate science and engineering programs has not kept pace with that of foreign students in those programs. In addition to the number of foreign students in graduate science and engineering programs, a significant number of university faculty in the scientific disciplines are foreign, and foreign doctorates are employed in large numbers by industry. This report explains this issue in detail, as well as probable causes of said incongruity.
- Foreign Science and Engineering Presence in U.S. Institutions and the Labor Force
- The increased presence of foreign students in graduate science and engineering programs and in the scientific workforce has been and continues to be of concern to some in the scientific community. Enrollment of U.S. citizens in graduate science and engineering programs has not kept pace with that of foreign students in those programs. In addition to the number of foreign students in graduate science and engineering programs, a significant number of university faculty in the scientific disciplines are foreign, and foreign doctorates are employed in large numbers by industry. This report examines these issues and discusses their policy implications.
- Foreign Science and Engineering Presence in U.S. Institutions and the Labor Force
- The increased presence of foreign students in graduate science and engineering programs and in the scientific workforce has been and continues to be of concern to some in the scientific community. Enrollment of U.S. citizens in graduate science and engineering programs has not kept pace with that of foreign students in those programs. In addition to the number of foreign students in graduate science and engineering programs, a significant number of university faculty in the scientific disciplines are foreign, and foreign doctorates are employed in large numbers by industry. This report examines these issues and discusses their policy implications.
- Minimum Wage, Overtime Pay, and Child Labor: An Inventory of Proposals in the 109th Congress to Amend the Fair Labor Standards Act
- This report discusses potential changes to the Fair Labor Standards Act that may occur during the 109th Congress.