Congressional Research Service Reports - 428 Matching Results

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Business and Labor Spending in U.S. Elections

Description: Federal election law has long prohibited corporate and union spending in federal elections, but distinctions in statutes and judicial rulings have opened avenues by which these groups have been able to spend money in the electoral process. Business groups make particular use of political action committee (PAC) donations to candidates and soft money donations to parties. Unions made prominent use of issue advocacy in 1996, but labor’s political strength lies in exempt activity communications wit… more
Date: October 28, 1997
Creator: Cantor, Joseph E.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Immigration: The “H-2A” Temporary Agricultural Worker Program

Description: In recent years, there have been various legislative efforts to modify or supplement the existing H-2A temporary agricultural program authorized by the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Concern has centered on making the program easier for growers to use while still maintaining protections for domestic labor. Growers have made limited use of the program in the past and a few years ago program usage was in decline. Current trends, however, show an increase due in part to increased demand fr… more
Date: April 9, 1998
Creator: Vialet, Joyce
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federal Regulation of Working Hours: The Ballenger and Ashcroft Proposals (H.R. 1 and S. 4)

Description: During the 104 Congress, legislation was considered that would have altered the 40-hour workweek and overtime pay requirements for private sector workers. In somewhat altered form, such legislation [H.R. 1 (Ballenger) and S. 4 (Ashcroft)] has been reintroduced in the 105 Congress. This report, very briefly, summarizes the issues presented by H.R. 1 and S. 4.
Date: April 16, 1998
Creator: Whittaker, William G.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Military Technicians: The Issue of Mandatory Retirement for Non-Dual-Status Technicians

Description: This report describes the mandatory retirement provisions for certain “non-dual-status” military technicians contained in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (P.L. 106-65), discusses the stated rationale behind the policy, and quantifies the impact it will likely have on individual technicians.
Date: March 28, 2000
Creator: Kapp, Lawrence
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Causes of Unemployment: A Cross-Country Analysis

Description: This report examines data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to explore what differences in microeconomic structures and policies explain the causes of unemployment across various countries.
Date: December 12, 2000
Creator: Labonte, Marc
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Farm Labor Shortages and Immigration Policy

Description: This report first explains why the nexus between farm labor shortages and immigration policy has again arisen. It next examines the composition of the seasonal agricultural labor force and presents the arguments of grower and farmworker advocates concerning its adequacy relative to employer demand. The report closes with an analysis of the trends in (un)employment, time worked and wages of legal and illegal farmworkers to determine if they are consistent with the existence of a nationwide short… more
Date: September 6, 2001
Creator: Levine, Linda
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federal Hiring Flexibilities for Emergency Situations: Fact Sheet

Description: n the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), in a September 13, 2001 memorandum to executive branch agencies, identified various hiring flexibilities that can be used to meet staffing needs in emergency situations. This report provides information on each of the flexibilities.
Date: October 11, 2001
Creator: Schwemle, Barbara L.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Unemployment Related to Terrorist Attacks: Proposals to Assist Affected Workers in the Airlines and Related Industries

Description: This report discusses the proposal to assist affected workers in the airlines and related industries in the aftermath of the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon that shut down the nation’s air transport system temporarily.
Date: October 12, 2001
Creator: Graney, Paul J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China: Labor Conditions and Unrest

Description: This report discusses the China's Labor condition and Chinese government attempt to implement laws and programs that protect labor rights and provide social welfare benefits while punishing labor rights activists and independent union organizer.
Date: October 15, 2001
Creator: Lum, Thomas
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Americans with Disabilities Act: Toyota Motor Manufacturing v. Williams

Description: The Supreme Court, in Toyota Motor Manufacturing v. Williams, held that to be an individual with a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) an individual must have substantial limitations on abilities that are central to daily life,rather than only to those abilities used in the workplace. In an unanimous opinion written by Justice O’Connor, the Court interpreted the definition of individual with disability narrowly to exclude individuals who are limited only in the performanc… more
Date: January 15, 2002
Creator: Jones, Nancy L.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Railway Labor Act: Dispute Resolution Procedures and Congressional Authority to Intervene

Description: This report provides an overview of the dispute resolution procedures under the Railway Labor Act, including the President's authority to appoint an Emergency Board; and discusses Congress' authority to intervene in railway and airline strikes.
Date: February 14, 2002
Creator: Welborn, Angie A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Ergonomics in the Workplace: Is It Time for an OSHA Standard?

Description: This report debates implementing an OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) standard for ergonomics. This standard would be motivated by the fact that one third of state employer's costs are related to improper ergonomic design causing illness. The report details that standards suggested in the past have been rejected by Congress.
Date: May 7, 2002
Creator: Rappaport, Edward
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Older Workers: Employment and Retirement Trends

Description: This report describes the change in the age of distribution of the U.S. population that will occur between 2000 and 2020 and summarizing the historical data on the labor force participation of older workers. This discussion is followed by an analysis of data from the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey on employment and receipt of pension income in recent years among persons age 55 and older.
Date: October 18, 2002
Creator: Purcell, Patrick J.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Social Security: The Cost-of-Living Adjustment in January 2003

Description: This report discusses the Cost-of-living Adjustments to Social Security in 2003. To compensate for the effects of inflation, Social Security recipients receive a cos-of-living adjustment (COLA) in January of each year. The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), updates monthly by the Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is the measure used to compute the change.
Date: October 18, 2002
Creator: Koitz, David & Kollmann, Geoffrey
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Retirement Savings and Household Wealth in 2000: Analysis of Census Bureau Data

Description: This report examines recent trends in retirement saving and the policy implications. The aging of the American population and the impending retirement of the "baby boom" will place significant strains over the next several decades on both Social Security and on retirees' own financial resources. With continued increases in average life expectancies, retirees in the 21st century will have to stretch their savings and other assets over longer periods of retirement than were experienced by their p… more
Date: December 12, 2002
Creator: Purcell, Patrick J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Labor Market Characteristics of Agricultural Workers in the United States, 1996-2001. January 2003

Description: This report provides information to policymakers considering a new, smaller, or larger agricultural guestworker program and examines selected labor market, social, and demographic characteristics of the agricultural labor force in the United States for each year from 1996 through 2001.
Date: January 24, 2003
Creator: Mayer, Gerald
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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