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Congressional Research Service Reports
- Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) and the Role of Congress in Trade Policy
- This report presents background and analysis on the development of Trade Promotion Authority (TPA), which expired on July 1, 2007. The report also includes a summary of the major provisions under the recently expired authority and a discussion of the issues that have arisen in the debate over TPA renewal. It also explores the policy options available to Congress and will be updated as the congressional debate unfolds. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29683/
- The Overseas Private Investment Corporation: Background and Legislative Issues
- The Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) was established in 1969 and began operations in 1971 as a development agency to promote and assist U.S. business investment in developing nations. Today, OPIC is a U.S. government agency that provides project financing, investment insurance, and other services for U.S. businesses in over 150 developing nations and emerging economies. To date, OPIC has funded, guaranteed, or insured over $180 billion in investments. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29543/
- Terrorism and National Security: Issues and Trends
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6528/
- Terrorism and National Security: Issues and Trends
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6529/
- United Nations System Funding: Congressional Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6415/
- United Nations System Funding: Congressional Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6414/
- United Nations System Funding: Congressional Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6416/
- United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6642/
- United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6641/
- United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6640/
- The Middle East Peace Talks
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6646/
- United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6175/
- The Middle East Peace Talks
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6177/
- The Middle East Peace Talks
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6176/
- Trafficking in Persons: The U.S. and International Response
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6667/
- Suits Against Terrorist States by Victims of Terrorism
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6669/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6894/
- Trade and the Americas
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6368/
- The Middle East Peace Talks
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6865/
- United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6864/
- Cyprus: Status of U.N. Negotiations
- Cyprus has been divided since 1974. Greek Cypriots, nearly 80% of the population, live in the southern two thirds of the island. Turkish Cypriots live in the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” (recognized only by Turkey), with about 30,000 Turkish troops providing security. U.N. peacekeeping forces maintain a buffer zone between the two. Members of Congress have urged the Administration to be more active, although they have not proposed an alternative to the U.N.-sponsored talks. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6863/
- Iraq: United Nations and Humanitarian Aid Organizations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6471/
- Trafficking in Women and Children: The U.S. and International Response
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6517/
- Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Border Surveillance
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6347/
- The Middle East Peace Talks
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6426/
- Northern Ireland: The Peace Process
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6834/
- Cyprus: Status of U.N. Negotiations
- Cyprus has been divided since 1974. Greek Cypriots, nearly 80% of the population, live in the southern two thirds of the island. Turkish Cypriots live in the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” (recognized only by Turkey), with about 30,000 Turkish troops providing security. U.N. peacekeeping forces maintain a buffer zone between the two. Members of Congress have urged the Administration to be more active, although they have not proposed an alternative to the U.N.-sponsored talks. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6781/
- Terrorism and National Security: Issues and Trends
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6625/
- Terrorism and National Security: Issues and Trends
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6627/
- Northern Ireland: Implementation of The Peace Agreement During the 106th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1582/
- Exempting Food and Agriculture Products from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Status and Implementation
- In approving the FY2001 agriculture appropriations act, Congress codified the lifting of unilateral sanctions on commercial sales of food, agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical products to Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Sudan, and extended this policy to Cuba (as enacted in by the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000, or TSRA). Congressional opponents of TSRA's prohibitions on private U.S. financing of agricultural sales, public financing of eligible exports, and tourist travel to Cuba have introduced bills since 2000 to repeal these provisions. Though several amendments to repeal or relax TSRA provisions relative to Cuba were adopted by committees or passed during floor debate, all were dropped in conference action. Administration officials continually signal to conferees they will advise the President to veto any bill that would change TSRA's prohibitions against Cuba. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10323/
- Nuclear, Biological, Chemical, and Missile Proliferation Sanctions: Selected Current Law
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1832/
- U.N. System Funding: Congressional Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1837/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1838/
- Exempting Food and Agriculture Products from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Status and Implementation
- Falling agricultural exports and declining commodity prices led farm groups and agribusiness firms to urge the 106th Congress to pass legislation exempting foods and agricultural commodities from U.S. economic sanctions against certain countries. In completing action on the FY2001 agriculture appropriations bill, Congress codified the lifting of unilateral sanctions on commercial sales of food, agricultural commodities, medicine, and medical products to Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Sudan, and extended this policy to apply to Cuba (Title IX of H.R. 5426, as enacted by P.L. 106-387; Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000). Related provisions place financing and licensing conditions on sales to these countries. Those that apply to Cuba, though, are permanent and more restrictive than for the other countries. Other provisions give Congress the authority in the future to veto a President's proposal to impose a sanction on the sale of agricultural or medical products. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1836/
- Nuclear Sanctions: Section 102(b) of the Arms Export Control Act and Its Application to India and Pakistan
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1833/
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the Indonesia "Summit" in 1994
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs130/
- Cyprus: Status of U.N. Negotiations
- Cyprus has been divided since 1974. Greek Cypriots, nearly 80% of the population, live in the southern two thirds of the island. Turkish Cypriots live in the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” (recognized only by Turkey), with about 30,000 Turkish troops providing security. U.N. peacekeeping forces maintain a buffer zone between the two. Members of Congress have urged the Administration to be more active, although they have not proposed an alternative to the U.N.-sponsored talks. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1895/
- Trade Promotion Authority (Fast-Track Authority for Trade Agreements): Background and Developments in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1497/
- Fast-Track Authority for Trade Agreements (Trade Promotion Authority): Background and Developments in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1494/
- Trade Promotion Authority (Fast-Track Authority for Trade Agreements): Background and Developments in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1496/
- Global Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1400/
- The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy
- On November 16, 1994, the U.N. Law of the Sea Convention entered into force but without accession by the United States. The major part of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention had been supported by U.s. Administrations, beginning with President Reagan, as fulfilling U.S. interests in having a comprehensive legal framework relating to competing uses of the world's oceans. However, the United States and many industrialized countries found some of the provisions relating to deep seabed mining in Part XI and Annexes III and IV of the Convention contrary to their interests and would not sign or act to ratify the Convention. A number of questions face the Senate as it considers the Convention/Agreement package, including the following: 1) Does the Agreement sufficiently resolve opposing concerns about the deep seabed mining provisions? 2) What precedent does U.S. acceptance of the Convention/Agreement definition of the common heritage of mankind concept establish? 3) What authority should Congress exert over the expenses of another international organization (the International Seabed Authority)? digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10503/
- The European Union's Reform Process: The Lisbon Treaty
- In December 2007, leaders of the European Union (EU) signed the Lisbon Treaty, which seeks to reform the EU's governing institutions and decisionmaking processes to enable a larger EU to operate more effectively. This new treaty represents the latest stage in a reform process begun in 2002 and essentially replaces the proposed EU "constitution" that foundered after French and Dutch voters rejected it in referendums in 2005. In June 2008, Irish voters rejected the Lisbon Treaty, and have thrown its future into doubt. This report provides background information on EU reform efforts and possible implications for U.S.-EU relations that may be of interest in the second session of the 110th Congress. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10595/
- United Nations System Funding: Congressional Issues
- Congressional debate over U.N. funding focuses on the following questions: (1) What is the appropriate level of U.S. funding for U.N. system operations and programs? (@) What U.S. funding actions are most likely to produce a positive continuation of U.N. system reform efforts? The U.N. system includes the parent U.N. organization, a number of affiliated agencies, voluntary funds and programs, and peacekeeping operations. For nearly 60 years, the United States has been the single largest financial contributor to the U.N. system. Both Congress and the executive branch have been pressing U.N. system organizations to reform, especially to improve management and budgeting practices. In recent years, the U.N. has undertaken reforms, including a restructuring of its financial assessment system, allowing the U.S. to pay some of its arrears. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10512/
- The Overseas Private Investment Corporation: Background and Legislative Issues
- This report outlines challenges faced by Tajikistan since its five-year civil war ended in 1997. It discusses U.S. policy and assistance. Basic facts and biographical information are provided. This report may be updated. Related products include CRS Report RL33458, Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests, updated regularly. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10539/
- The Overseas Private Investment Corporation: Background and Legislative Issues
- The Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)1 was established in 1969 and began operations in 1971 to promote and assist U.S. business investment in developing nations. OPIC is a U.S. government agency that provides project financing, investment insurance, and other services for U.S. businesses in 154 developing nations and emerging economies. OPIC is currently authorized through March 9, 2009 under the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 110-329). digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10540/
- European Security: The Debate in NATO and the European Union
- This report reviews progress within NATO to develop a European Security and Defense Identity (ESDI), and the initiative within the European Union to create a common European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP). The report considers both European and U.S. perspectives on these developments. It will be updated as events warrant. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1132/
- National Missile Defense: Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1134/
- Balkan Cooperation on War Crimes Issues
- Balkan cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague remains an issues of ongoing U.S. and international concern. Full cooperation with ICTY has long been a key prerequisite to advancing the shared goal of closer association with and eventual membership in the European Union and NATO for the western Balkan countries. This policy of conditionality has affected Serbia the most, but also other western Balkan countries to varying degrees. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10636/