Congressional Research Service Reports - 4,491 Matching Results
Search Results
- Indonesian Separatist Movement in Aceh
- This report discusses the separatist movement in the province of Aceh, in Indonesia, as well as US hesitance to involve themselves in aiding President Abdurrahman Wahid in controlling the Indonesian military. The paper details the leading separatist organization, as well as its leadership, and the factors that played a role in the rise of the separatist movements in the province. It also cites aggression from the Indonesian military, which produced reports of human rights violations, as a cause for the hesitance from the Clinton Administration to involve the US in the conflict.
- China-U.S. Relations
- This report discusses the background information and most recent development in U.S.-China relations since mid-1996. The relations also have been marred by continuing allegations of Chinese espionage, ongoing controversy over human rights, charges that China continues to violate its non-proliferation commitments, controversy over the accidental NATO bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade, and renewed tensions over Taiwan. The report describes current issues in U.S.-China relations such as; Human Rights Issues, Issues in U.S.-China Security Relations, Economic Issues, and Sovereignty Issues: Taiwan, Tibet, Hong Kong.
- Cuba: Background and Current Issues for Congress
- Numerous measures were introduced in the 106th Congress that reflected the range of views on U.S. policy toward Cuba. Legislative initiatives proposed both easing and increasing sanctions against Cuba. In the end, legislation passed reflected both approaches: it allowed the export of food and medicine to Cuba, but prohibited any U.S. financing, both public and private, of such exports. Travel to Cuba for tourism was also prohibited.
- Congo (formerly Zaire)
- This report discusses the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire, which is a vast-resource-rich country of 48 million people. Events there affect much of sub-Saharan Africa. In August 1998, Congo was plunged into its second civil war in 2 years. A peace accord was concluded in Lusaka, Zambia, in July and August 1999, and the U.N. Security Council later agreed to send a 5,500-member observer force, MONUC, to assist in the peace process. Fewer than 250 observers have gone to Congo, due to the failure of the parties to the Lusaka accord to fully implement its terms. The assassination of President Laurent Kabila on January 16, 2001, has raised new doubts about the prospects for peace in Congo.
- North Korea: Chronology of Provocations, 1950-2000
- No Description Available.
- Iran: Arms and Technology Acquisitions
- This report details Iran's efforts to get around U.S. imposed trade restrictions to continue manufacturing weapons of mass destruction. It highlights the countries that Iran collaborated with, as well as the measures put in place by the Clinton Administration which were used to limit the collaboration attempts between Iran and these countries.
- Liberia: Current Issues and United States Policy
- No Description Available.
- Colombia: Conditions and U.S. Policy Options
- With the civil conflict in Colombia worsening, in many analysts’ perception, some policymakers are again questioning the wisdom and scope of U.S. policy and assistance toward that country. This is the context for debate over future U.S. policy toward Colombia, in particular whether the current levels of U.S. assistance are sufficient, and whether U.S. assistance to the Colombia military is desirable. This report first discusses U.S. interests in Colombia. It then provides information on Colombia’s current conflict, with sections on the guerrillas, the paramilitaries, and President Pastrana’s efforts to deal with the conflict through the peace process, and the reform and rehabilitation of the Colombian military. The last section discusses possible policy options.
- Iraq-U.S. Confrontation
- No Description Available.
- North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program
- No Description Available.
- Iraqi Compliance with Cease-Fire Agreements
- No Description Available.
- China/Taiwan: Evolution of the "One China" Policy - Key Statements from Washington, Beijing, and Taipei
- In Part I, this CRS report discusses the policy on “one China” since the United States began in 1971 to reach understandings with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) government in Beijing. Part II documents the evolution of the “one China” principle as articulated in key statements by Washington, Beijing, and Taipei. The U.S. policy on “one China” has evolved to cover three issues: sovereignty, peaceful resolution, and cross-strait dialogue.
- Pakistan-U.S. Relations
- No Description Available.
- Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs: Issues for Congress
- No Description Available.
- Panama-U.S. Relations
- December 20, 1989, U.S. military intervention in Panama, known as Operation Just Cause, heralded a new period in U.S.-Panamanian relations. In the aftermath of the intervention, U.S. policymakers immediately faced a new range of challenges including assistance for economic recovery, support for the development of a civilian police force, cooperation with the new government on counter-narcotics measures, and support for fragile democratic institutions.
- Agricultural Export Subsidies, Export Credits, and the World Trade Organization
- This report debates agricultural subsidies given out by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Moreover, the report provides statistical information on this specifically from the European Union (EU) and the United States.
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: Background on U.S. Policy Concerns
- This report provides an introduction and background information on Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Dayton Peace Accords. The report discusses the U.S. deployment to Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the U.S. policy in regard to Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Mexico's Counter-Narcotics Efforts under Zedillo and Fox, December 1994-March 2001
- No Description Available.
- Appropriations for FY2001: Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
- Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Foreign Operations Appropriations Subcommittees.
- Foreign Aid: An Introductory Overview of U.S. Programs and Policy
- Foreign assistance is a fundamental component of the international affairs budget and is viewed by many as an essential instrument of U.S foreign policy. This report provides an overview of the U.S. foreign aid program, by addressing a number of the more frequently asked questions regarding the subject.
- Romania After the 2000 Elections: Background and Issues for Congress
- Report on Romania after the 2000 elections, including current politics, economy, foreign policy, and more.
- Saudi Arabia: Post-War Issues and U.S. Relations
- Saudi Arabia, a monarchy ruled by the Saudi dynasty, enjoys special importance in the international community because of its unique association with the Islamic religion and its oil wealth. Since the establishment of the modern Saudi kingdom in 1932, it has benefitted from a stable political system based on a smooth process of succession to the throne and an increasingly prosperous economy dominated by the oil sector. Decrees by King Fahd in March 1992 establishing an appointive consultative council and provincial councils and promulgating a basic law providing for certain citizens' rights could signal a gradual trend toward a more open political system.
- Russia
- Vladimir Putin, who was catapulted into the Kremlin following Boris Yeltsin's resignation, was elected President on March 26, 2000 by a solid majority that embraced his military campaign in Chechnya. Parties backing Putin did well in the December 1999 Duma election, giving Putin a stable parliamentary majority as well. Putin has moved to strengthen the central government vis-a-vis regional leaders, to bring TV and radio under tighter state control, and to modernize the armed forces. Federal forces have suppressed large-scale military resistance in Chechnya, but face the prospect of prolonged guerilla warfare.
- North-South Korean Relations: A Chronology of the "New" Dialogue
- No Description Available.
- Taiwan: Recent Developments and U.S. Policy Choices
- U.S. policy concerns over Taiwan in recent years have centered on easing tensions and striking a balance between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan.
- Mexico-U.S. Relations: Issues for the 107th Congress
- No Description Available.
- Dispute Settlement in the Proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA)
- The proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) follows current U.S. free trade agreement (FTA) practice in containing two types of formal dispute settlement: (1) State- State, applicable to disputes between the KORUS FTA Parties, and (2) investor-State, applicable to claims by an investor of one KORUS FTA Party against the other Party for breach of an agreement investment obligation.
- Central Asia's New States: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
- After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the United States recognized the independence of all the former Central Asian republics and established diplomatic relations with each by mid-March 1992. This report provides an overview of U.S. policy concerns after the Soviet collapse. The report presents the U.S. policy attention and aid to support conflict amelioration, humanitarian needs, economic development, transport (including energy pipelines) and communications, border controls, democracy, and the creation of civil societies in the South Caucasian and Central Asian states. The United States has some economic and business interests in Central Asia, particularly in oil and natural gas development in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
- Tibet, China, and the 107th Congress: Issues for U.S. Policy
- No Description Available.
- Congo (formerly Zaire)
- This report discusses the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire, which is a vast-resource-rich country of 48 million people. Events there affect much of sub-Saharan Africa. In August 1998, Congo was plunged into its second civil war in 2 years. A peace accord was concluded in Lusaka, Zambia, in July and August 1999, and the U.N. Security Council later agreed to send a 5,500-member observer force, MONUC, to assist in the peace process. Fewer than 250 observers have gone to Congo, due to the failure of the parties to the Lusaka accord to fully implement its terms. The assassination of President Laurent Kabila on January 16, 2001, has raised new doubts about the prospects for peace in Congo.
- Most-Favored-Nation Status of the People's Republic of China
- No Description Available.
- North Korea-Japan Relations: The Normalization Talks and the Compensation/Reparations Issue
- No Description Available.
- U.S.-Sub-Saharan Africa Trade and Investment: Programs and Policy Direction
- No Description Available.
- Peru: Recovery from Crisis
- No Description Available.
- Bulgaria: Country Background Report
- This report details the Bulgaria country's background information such as its foreign policy, regional relations, and the U.S - Bulgarian Relations.
- Uganda: Recent Elections and Current Conditions
- On March 12, 2001, Yoweri Museveni was re-elected president of Uganda after defeating his one- time ally, Kizza Besigye. International and regional election monitors declared the elections relatively free, although the electoral process was marred by mismanagement and sporadic violence. In the legislative elections in late June 2001, more than 50 incumbent members of Parliament were defeated, including 10 ministers. The elections were marred by violence in which an estimated 12 people were killed.
- The Iran-Libya Sanctions Act (ILSA)
- Report discussing the Iran Libya Sanctions Act as well as the legislative developments that occurred regarding the act.
- Most-Favored-Nation Status of the People's Republic of China
- No Description Available.
- Taiwan: Recent Developments and U.S. Policy Choices
- No Description Available.
- Trafficking in Women and Children: The U.S. and International Response
- No Description Available.
- Latin America and the Caribbean: Legislative Issues in 2001
- No Description Available.
- China and "Falun Gong"
- The “Falun Gong” movement has led to the largest and most protracted public demonstrations in China since the democracy movement of 1989. On April 25, 1999, an estimated 10,000 to 30,000 adherents assembled in front of Zhongnanhai, the Chinese Communist Party leadership compound, and participated in a silent protest against state repression of their activities. On July 21, 1999, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) government, fearful of the spread of social unrest, outlawed the movement and began to arrest Falun Gong protesters.
- The Shib'a Farms Dispute and Its Implications
- This report discusses the Shib’a Farms area, which remains a source of tension and potential risk. This is a roughly 10 square mile enclave at the southern edge of the Lebanese-Syrian border.
- National Missile Defense: Russia's Reaction
- No Description Available.
- Jordan: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues
- No Description Available.
- Terrorism, the Future, and U.S. Foreign Policy
- No Description Available.
- Terrorism, the Future, and U.S. Foreign Policy
- No Description Available.
- North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program
- No Description Available.
- Russia
- No Description Available.
- Embassy Security: Background, Funding, and the Budget
- The September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon led to the closing the following day of 50 of the nearly 260 U.S. embassies and consulates worldwide. A week later, however, all U.S. facilities were open for business. Additionally, three embassies – in Pakistan, Yemen, and Turkmenistan – allowed for voluntary evacuations immediately after the attack. In the months prior to the attack, travel warnings were issued and embassies were put on high alert as Osama bin Laden had issued vague, but credible, threats against Americans and American interests around the world.