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Congressional Research Service Reports
- Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
- The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6914/
- Foreign Aid: Understanding Data Used to Compare Donors
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7336/
- Millennium Challenge Account: Implementation of a New U.S. Foreign Aid Initiative
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6682/
- Foreign Assistance to North Korea
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7156/
- Post-War Iraq: Foreign Contributions to Training, Peacekeeping, and Reconstruction
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8316/
- Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues
- This report discusses the issue of U.S. economic assistance to sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the importance of continued assistance in light of U.S. national security and also various U.S.-led efforts to promote reform amongst African citizens themselves. U.S. assistance finds its way to Africa through a variety of channels, including the USAID-administered DA program, food aid programs, and indirect aid provided through international financial institutions and the United Nations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6898/
- U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2006 Request
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6681/
- Africa, the G8, and the Blair Initiative
- Britain's Prime Minister Blair assumed the rotating presidency of the G8 group of nations (see text box) in January 2005, and he intends to use the July 2005 G8 summit, which he will chair, to push his Africa development initiative. Climate change will be the second focus of the G8 meeting, being called the "Gleneagles summit." The purpose of this report is to provide background on Africa, the G8, and the Gleneagles meeting. It outlines the British proposals and the U.S. reaction to them to date. In addition, it briefly reviews the problems that have inhibited African development and the response to those problems at previous G8 meetings. For additional information, see CRS Report RL32489, Africa: Development Issues and Policy Options, and CRS Issue Brief IB95052, Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7590/
- Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
- The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6915/
- Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
- The United States recognized the independence of all the former Soviet republics by the end of 1991, including the South Caucasus states of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The United States has fostered these states' ties with the West in part to end the dependence of these states on Russia for trade, security, and other relations. The FREEDOM Support Act of 1992 provides authorization for assistance to the Eurasian states for humanitarian needs, democratization, and other purposes. In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, the Administration appealed for a national security waiver of the prohibition on aid to Azerbaijan, in consideration of Azerbaijan's assistance to the international coalition to combat terrorism. Azerbaijani and Georgian troops participate in stabilization efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq, and Armenian personnel serve in Iraq. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6896/
- U.S. Assistance to Vietnam
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7281/
- HIV/AIDS International Programs: Appropriations, FY2003-FY2006
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6513/
- Iraq: United Nations and Humanitarian Aid Organizations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6671/
- Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues
- This report discusses the issue of U.S. economic assistance to sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the importance of continued assistance in light of U.S. national security and also various U.S.-led efforts to promote reform amongst African citizens themselves. U.S. assistance finds its way to Africa through a variety of channels, including the USAID-administered DA program, food aid programs, and indirect aid provided through international financial institutions and the United Nations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7874/
- Millennium Challenge Account: Implementation of a New U.S. Foreign Aid Initiative
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6756/
- U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6699/
- U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7192/
- Conditions on U.S. Aid to Serbia
- In each of the past five fiscal years (FY2001-FY2005), Congress has conditioned U.S. aid to Serbia on a presidential certification that Serbia has met certain conditions, including cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The 1 Ogth Congress is considering similar certification provisions in the FY2006 foreign aid bill. Supporters of aid conditionality say such provisions may have spurred Serbia's cooperation with the Tribunal. While the certification process continues to enjoy support in Congress, the Administration appears to favor ending it soon, as well as shifting responsibility for prosecuting war crimes from the ICTY to local courts. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8059/
- Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
- The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6913/
- Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
- The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7144/
- Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues
- This report discusses the issue of U.S. economic assistance to sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the importance of continued assistance in light of U.S. national security and also various U.S.-led efforts to promote reform amongst African citizens themselves. U.S. assistance finds its way to Africa through a variety of channels, including the USAID-administered DA program, food aid programs, and indirect aid provided through international financial institutions and the United Nations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6899/
- Iraq: Recent Developments in Reconstruction Assistance
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7419/
- HIV/AIDS International Programs: Appropriations, FY2003-FY2006
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7318/
- Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
- The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7145/
- Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues
- This report discusses the issue of U.S. economic assistance to sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the importance of continued assistance in light of U.S. national security and also various U.S.-led efforts to promote reform amongst African citizens themselves. U.S. assistance finds its way to Africa through a variety of channels, including the USAID-administered DA program, food aid programs, and indirect aid provided through international financial institutions and the United Nations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7876/
- Millennium Challenge Account: Implementation of a New U.S. Foreign Aid Initiative
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8035/
- Haiti: International Assistance Strategy for the Interim Government and Congressional Concerns
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7936/
- Iraq: United Nations and Humanitarian Aid Organizations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8026/
- The Earthquake in South Asia: Humanitarian Assistance and Relief Operations
- The powerful earthquake struck northern Pakistan and India damaged the homes of as many as three million people, forcing many of them to search for alternative means of shelter. The full extent of the destruction remains unknown because government authorities and relief organizations continue to have difficulty accessing some remote locations. As of the date of this report, the United States government (USG) has pledged $410 million toward the relief effort, almost all of it to assisting Pakistan, which remains a key U.S. ally in the war against terror. So far, about 35% of this pledge has been committed. Some aid agencies are saying that the country needs a great deal more aid than it is getting, and warn that the economic impact of the disaster will surpass $5.2 billion. This burden may contribute toward long-term instability in an area perceived to be of critical importance to the United States in the war on terror. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8257/
- HIV/AIDS International Programs: Appropriations, FY2003-FY2006
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8280/
- U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8387/
- Iraq: Recent Developments in Reconstruction Assistance
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8112/
- Iraq: Recent Developments in Reconstruction Assistance
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8355/
- Conditions on U.S. Aid to Serbia
- In each of the past five fiscal years (FY2001-FY2005), Congress has conditioned U.S. aid to Serbia on a presidential certification that Serbia has met certain conditions, including cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The 1 Ogth Congress is considering similar certification provisions in the FY2006 foreign aid bill. Supporters of aid conditionality say such provisions may have spurred Serbia's cooperation with the Tribunal. While the certification process continues to enjoy support in Congress, the Administration appears to favor ending it soon, as well as shifting responsibility for prosecuting war crimes from the ICTY to local courts. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8134/
- U.S. Assistance to Women in Afghanistan and Iraq: Challenges and Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9974/
- U.S. Assistance to Women in Afghanistan and Iraq: Challenges and Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9998/
- U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8124/
- U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet Union
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8119/
- Post-War Iraq: Foreign Contributions to Training, Peacekeeping, and Reconstruction
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8115/
- International Population Assistance and Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10831/
- Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI) and Related Funding Programs: FY2006 Assistance
- This report discusses the funds and material support the U.S. has contributed to help Colombia and the Andean region fight drug trafficking since the development of Plan Colombia in 1999. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8275/
- U.S. Assistance to North Korea: A Fact Sheet
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8284/
- U.S. Aid to the Palestinians
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9973/
- U.S. Aid to the Palestinians
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9997/
- Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
- The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8459/
- U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8659/
- Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
- The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8574/
- U.S. Occupation Assistance: Iraq, Germany, and Japan Compared
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10000/
- U.S. Occupation Assistance: Iraq, Germany, and Japan Compared
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9976/
- The Earthquake in South Asia: Humanitarian Assistance and Relief Operations
- The powerful earthquake struck northern Pakistan and India damaged the homes of as many as three million people, forcing many of them to search for alternative means of shelter. The full extent of the destruction remains unknown because government authorities and relief organizations continue to have difficulty accessing some remote locations. As of the date of this report, the United States government (USG) has pledged $410 million toward the relief effort, almost all of it to assisting Pakistan, which remains a key U.S. ally in the war against terror. So far, about 35% of this pledge has been committed. Some aid agencies are saying that the country needs a great deal more aid than it is getting, and warn that the economic impact of the disaster will surpass $5.2 billion. This burden may contribute toward long-term instability in an area perceived to be of critical importance to the United States in the war on terror. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8997/