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Congressional Research Service Reports
- North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions
- This report discusses the economic sanctions the United States imposes on North Korea for activities related to weapons proliferation, destabilizing the region, anti-terrorism, and undemocratic governance. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29611/
- Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress
- Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are international institutions that provide financial assistance, typically in the form of loans and grants, to developing countries in order to promote economic and social development. This report provides an overview of the MDBs and highlights major current issues for Congress. The first section discusses the history of the MDBs, their operations, major donor contributions, and their organization. The second section discusses issues of particular interest to Congress, including the effectiveness of the MDBs; congressional legislation authorizing and appropriating U.S. contributions to the MDBs; congressional oversight of the MDBs; and U.S. commercial interests in the MDBs. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33016/
- U.S. International Trade: Trends and Forecasts
- This report discusses the U.S. trade deficit in light of the 2008 global financial crisis, with emphasis on international trade and U.S. trade policy, most recent developments in trade of goods and service, trade forecasts for the future, and how issues such as the U.S. trade deficit and international trade, particularly with China, are commonly perceived. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94065/
- Turkmenistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
- This report examines the political, economic, and foreign policies undertaken by Turkmenistan's President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, who came to power in late 2006. The report discusses U.S. policy and assistance and provides basic facts and biographical information. It may be updated. Related products include CRS Report RL33458, Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29504/
- Turkmenistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
- This report examines the political, economic, and foreign policies undertaken by Turkmenistan's President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, who came to power in late 2006. The report discusses U.S. policy and assistance and provides basic facts and biographical information. It may be updated. Related products include CRS Report RL33458, Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29503/
- U.S. International Trade: Trends and Forecasts
- This report discusses the U.S. trade deficit in light of the 2008 global financial crisis, with emphasis on international trade and U.S. trade policy, most recent developments in trade of goods and service, trade forecasts for the future, and how issues such as the U.S. trade deficit and international trade, particularly with China, are commonly perceived. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc40217/
- Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
- This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in the country of Panama, which has made notable political and economic progress since the 1989 U.S. military intervention that ousted the regime of General Manuel Noriega from power. The United States has close relations with Panama, stemming in large part from the extensive linkages developed when the canal was under U.S. control. This report describes the U.S.-Panama relationship at length, including trade relations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc40180/
- North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions
- This report discusses the economic sanctions the United States imposes on North Korea for activities related to weapons proliferation, destabilizing the region, anti-terrorism, and undemocratic governance. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc40108/
- Honduras: Political and Economic Situation and U.S. Relations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6294/
- China's Currency: A Summary of the Economic Issues
- Many Members of Congress charge that China's policy of accumulating foreign reserves (especially U.S. dollars) to influence the value of its currency constitutes a form of currency manipulation intended to make its exports cheaper and imports into China more expensive than they would be under free market conditions. Although China made modest reforms to its currency policy in 2005, Members contend the forms have not gone far enough and have warned of potential legislative action. This report summarizes the main findings CRS Report RL32165, China's Currency: Economic Issues and Options for U.S. Trade Policy. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10596/
- China's Currency: A Summary of the Economic Issues
- Many Members of Congress charge that China's policy of accumulating foreign reserves (especially U.S. dollars) to influence the value of its currency constitutes a form of currency manipulation intended to make its exports cheaper and imports into China more expensive than they would be under free market conditions. Although China made modest reforms to its currency policy in 2005, Members contend the forms have not gone far enough and have warned of potential legislative action. This report summarizes the main findings CRS Report RL32165, China's Currency: Economic Issues and Options for U.S. Trade Policy. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10597/
- Ecuador: Political and Economic Situation and U.S. Relations
- Ecuador has experienced ten years of political and economic instability. On January 15, 2007, Rafael Correa, a left-leaning, U.S.-trained economics, was inaugurated to a four-year presidential term, becoming the country's eighth president in ten years. President Correa has fulfilled his campaign pledge to call a constituent assembly to reform the country's constitution. U.S. officials have expressed concerns about President Correa's ties with Hugo Chavez of Venezuela and his stated policies on trade and energy matters. Despite those concerns, Congress enacted legislation in February 2008 to extend U.S. trade preferences for Ecuador through December 2008. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10600/
- Moldova: Background and U.S. Policy
- This report provides information and analysis on Moldova, including its political and economic situation, foreign policy, and on U.S. policy toward Moldova. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10624/
- Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
- The country of Panama has made significant political and economic progress since the 1989 U.S. military intervention that ousted the regime of General Manuel Noriega from power. The current President, Martin Torrijos, has faced significant challenges, including dealing with the funding deficits of the country's social security fund; developing plans for the expansion of the Panama Canal; and combating unemployment and poverty. The U.S. has close relations with Panama, and both countries currently cooperate on counternarcotics efforts, the security of the Panama Canal and the Panama-Colombia border, and negotiations for a bilateral free trade agreement. This report describes all of the above; the aforementioned U.S.-Panamanian negotiations for a bilateral free trade agreement is detailed in particular. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10483/
- Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
- The Central American nation of Panama has made notable political and economic progress since the 1989 U.S. military intervention that ousted General Manuel Noriega from power. Under the current administration of President Martin Torrijos, the most significant challenges have included dealing with the funding deficits of the country's social security fund; developing plans for the expansion of the Panama Canal; and combating unemployment and poverty. The United States has close relations with Panama. The current bilateral relationship is characterized by extensive cooperation on counternarcotics efforts, assistance to help Panama assure the security of the Canal and its border with Colombia, and negotiations for a bilateral free trade agreement. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10482/
- Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10170/
- Honduras: Political and Economic Situation and U.S. Relations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6951/
- Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6918/
- Honduras: Political and Economic Situation and U.S. Relations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6494/
- Turkmenistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9313/
- Pay Compatibility for Federal White-Collar Workers
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9192/
- Plan Colombia: A Progress Report
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8543/
- Plan Colombia: A Progress Report
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8270/
- Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9916/
- The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: History, Perspectives, and Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9989/
- Honduras: Political and Economic Situation and U.S. Relations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9949/
- The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: History, Perspectives, and Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9965/
- The Effects of Government Expenditures and Revenues on the Economy and Economic Well-Being: A Cross-National Analysis
- Congress passed and the President signed a reconciliation bill (P.L. 109-171) to reduce mandatory spending by $39 billion between FY2006 and FY2010. A revenue reduction reconciliation bill (H.R. 4297) has not been enacted as of the date of this report. Many argue that tax and spending reductions will stimulate economic growth, whereas many others argue that tax cuts will lead to a larger deficit with adverse economic effects and that spending cuts will reduce critical government services. This report examines the effects of government spending and taxation on economic growth and economic well-being by comparing the United States with 20 other industrial Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9956/
- Bolivia: Political and Economic Developments and Relations with the United States
- This report includes background information on Bolivia’s political unrest, economic situation, and relations with the United States. In the past few years, Bolivia has experienced extreme political unrest resulting in the country having six presidents since 2001. Under policies of recently-elected leftist-leaning President Evo Morales, Bolivia's relations with neighboring countries, foreign investors, and the United States have been complicated. For some 20 years, U.S. interest in Bolivia has centered on its role as a coca producer and its relationship to Colombia and Peru, the two other major coca- and cocaine-producing countries in the Andes. U.S.-Bolivian relations have become tense in 2006 in the wake of the Morales government's questionable commitment to combating illegal drugs, increasing ties with Venezuela and Cuba, and the nationalization measure. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9550/
- NAFTA: A Broad Economic Perspective
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs54/
- Plan Colombia: A Progress Report
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7182/
- Plan Colombia: A Progress Report
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7181/
- Plan Colombia: A Progress Report
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7183/
- Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9690/
- Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
- This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in the country of Panama, which has made notable political and economic progress since the 1989 U.S. military intervention that ousted the regime of General Manuel Noriega from power. The United States has close relations with Panama, stemming in large part from the extensive linkages developed when the canal was under U.S. control. This report describes the U.S.-Panama relationship at length, including trade relations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26063/
- Belarus: Background and U.S. Policy Concerns
- An overview of the history of U.S.A - Belarus relations. Current issues include U.S.A. and international attempts to influence Aleksandr Lukashenko, the Belarusian President, towards making the Belarusian government more democratic and open. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc85450/
- The Financial Crisis: Impact on and Response by the European Union
- According to the most recent National Threat Assessment, the global financial crisis and its geopolitical implications pose the primary near-term security concern of the United States. Over the short run, both the EU and the United States are attempting to resolve the financial crisis while stimulating domestic demand to stem the economic downturn. These efforts have born little progress so far as the economic recession and the financial crisis have become reinforcing events, causing EU governments to forge policy responses to both crises. This report discusses this situation in detail and also discusses individual efforts by both the U.S. and EU to combat the effects of the crisis. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26139/
- Russia's Economic Performance and Policies and Their Implications for the United States
- As has been the case with most of the world's economies, the Russian economy has been hit hard by the current global financial crisis. Even before the financial crisis, however, Russia was showing signs of economic problems. Russian economic policies and performance raise important policy questions for the United States and the U.S.-Russian relationship which this report addresses. Might Russia's robust economic growth return? Is an economically strong Russia a threat or benefit to the United States? Is Russia following economic strategies that promote a market economy that underlies the international trade system manifested in the World Trade Organization? digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26276/
- Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
- This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in the country of Panama. Furthermore, it describes the U.S.-Panama relationship at length, including trade relations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103158/
- Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
- This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in the country of Panama, which has made notable political and economic progress since the 1989 U.S. military intervention that ousted the regime of General Manuel Noriega from power. The United States has close relations with Panama, stemming in large part from the extensive linkages developed when the canal was under U.S. control. This report describes the U.S.-Panama relationship at length, including trade relations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc99078/
- The Mexican Economy After the Global Financial Crisis
- This report provides an overview of Mexico's economy post-financial crisis, effects of the global economic downturn, structural and other challenges in the Mexican economy, and implications for the United States. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31368/
- U.S. International Trade: Trends and Forecasts
- This report discusses the U.S. trade deficit in light of the 2008 global financial crisis, with emphasis on international trade and U.S. trade policy, most recent developments in trade of goods and service, trade forecasts for the future, and how issues such as the U.S. trade deficit and international trade, particularly with China, are commonly perceived. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31414/
- Moldova: Background and U.S. Policy
- This report provides information and analysis on Moldova, including its political and economic situation, foreign policy, and on U.S. policy toward Moldova. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc122342/
- U.S. International Trade: Trends and Forecasts
- This report discusses the U.S. trade deficit in light of the 2008 global financial crisis, with emphasis on international trade and U.S. trade policy, most recent developments in trade of goods and service, trade forecasts for the future, and how issues such as the U.S. trade deficit and international trade, particularly with China, are commonly perceived. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29678/
- The Rise of China and Its Effect on Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea: U.S. Policy Choices
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6212/
- El Salvador: Political, Economic, and Social Conditions and Relations with the United States
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8937/
- El Salvador: Political, Economic, and Social Conditions and Relations with the United States
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8897/
- El Salvador: Political, Economic, and Social Conditions and Relations with the United States
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8898/
- The Rise of China and Its Effect on Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea: U.S. Policy Choices
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8272/
- East Asian Regional Architecture: New Economic and Security Arrangements and U.S. Policy
- The end of the Cold War, the rise of China, globalization, free trade agreements, the war on terror, and an institutional approach to keeping the peace is causing dramatic shifts in relationships among countries in East Asia. A new regional architecture in the form of trade, financial, and political arrangements among countries of East Asia is developing that has significant implications for U.S. interests and policy. This report examines this regional architecture with a focus on China, South Korea, Japan, and Southeast Asia. The types of arrangements include bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs), regional trade pacts, currency and monetary arrangements, and political and security arrangements. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9560/