Congressional Research Service Reports - 67 Matching Results

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Desert Shield and Desert Storm Implications for Future U.S. Force Requirements

Description: This preliminary assessment summarizes U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps performances during recent war, then relates it to past experience and potential threats in ways that might help decisionmakers determine the most suitable characteristics of U.S. armed forces for the rest of this decade.
Date: April 19, 1991
Creator: Collins, John M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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National Emergency Powers

Description: This report the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601-1651) that eliminated or modified some statutory grants of emergency authority, required the President to declare formally the existence of a national emergency and to specify what statutory authority, activated by the declaration, would be used, and provided Congress a means to countermand the President's declaration and the activated authority being sought.
Date: April 29, 1991
Creator: Relyea, Harold C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan's Response to the Persian Gulf Crisis: Implications for U.S. -Japan Relations

Description: This report provides information and analysis for use by Members of Congress as they deliberate on the Japanese response to the Gulf crisis and, perhaps more important, what it may mean for future U.S.-Japanese relations. The first chapter briefly reviews Japanese government actions in response to the crisis, from August 1990 to February 1991. A second section examines in detail the various factors and constraints that affected Japanese policy. The final section offers conclusions and examines … more
Date: May 23, 1991
Creator: Niksch, Larry A. & Sutter, Robert G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Women in the Armed Forces

Description: Women have become an integral part of the armed forces, but they are excluded from most combat jobs. Several issues remain. One is whether to reduce, maintain, or expand the number of women in the services as the total forces are being reduced. A second question is to what extent women should continue to be excluded from some combat positions by policy. Would national security be jeopardized or enhanced by increasing reliance on women in the armed forces? Should women have equal opportunities a… more
Date: November 20, 1991
Creator: Collier, Ellen C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japanese Participation in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations

Description: Japan is positioned to deploy its troops overseas for the first time since World War II. Under a controversial peacekeeping operations (PKO) bill passed by the Japanese Diet (parliament) on June 15, 1992, Japan is allowed to dispatch Self-Defense Forces (SDF) soldiers abroad for noncombat service with United Nations peacekeeping forces (PKF). [1] The politically sensitive PKO legislation comes two years after Japan was stung by international criticism for its failure to send troops to th… more
Date: August 24, 1992
Creator: Shinn, Rinn-Sup
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Japan's Sea Shipment of Plutonium

Description: Japan's sea shipment of a ton of plutonium from France to Japan on Nov. 7, 1992, faced strong public opposition, as did a previous one in 1984, from various public interest groups, independent analysts, and Members of Congress. The shipment arrived safely in Tokyo Jan. 4, 1993. Several more shipments at intervals of about 3 years are expected. While the plutonium is owned by Japanese utilities, it was produced from uranium enriched in the United States and supplied under a U.S.-Japan agreement … more
Date: January 15, 1993
Creator: Donnelly, Warren H. & Davis, Zachary S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Instances of Use of United States Forces Abroad, 1798-1993

Description: This report lists 234 instances in which the United States has used its armed forces abroad in situations of conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes. It brings up to date a 1989 list that was compiled in part from various older lists and is intended primarily to provide a rough sketch survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad. A detailed description and analysis are not undertaken here.
Date: October 7, 1993
Creator: Collier, Ellen C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Theater Missile Defenses: Possible Chinese Reactions; U.S. Implications and Options

Description: There is a wide range of arguments regarding the Clinton Administration's proposal to spend about $2 billion in FY 1995 on developing an advanced theater missile defense (TMD) system. Arguments also center on whether or not interpretations of the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty allow for development and deployment of Advanced Antimissile Systems.
Date: February 23, 1994
Creator: Sutter, Robert G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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South Korea: U.S. Defense Obligations

Description: U.S. defense obligations to South Korea are contained in the U.S.-South Korean Mutual Defense Treaty, signed in 1953 and ratified in 1954. Under Article m of the treaty, the United States would "act to meet" an attack on South Korea "in accordance with its [U.S.] constitutional processes." At the time of ratification, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee did not define specifically the respective roles of the President and Congress in any decision to act militarily in accord with constitution… more
Date: April 1, 1994
Creator: Niksch, Larry A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The U.S. Occupation of Haiti, 1915-1934

Description: In 1915, the United States undertook a military occupation of Haiti to preempt any European intervention, to establish order out of civil strife, and to stabilize Haitian finances. During the nineteen-year occupation, U.S. military and civilian officials, numbering less than 2500 for the most part, supervised the collection of taxes and the disbursement of revenues, maintained public order, and initiated a program of public works. The Haitian government remained in place, but was subject to U.S… more
Date: May 26, 1994
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Defense Burdensharing: Is Japan's Host Nation Support a Model for Other Allies?

Description: Under an agreement announced in January 1991, the Government of Japan committed itself to increase substantially the amount of support that it provides for U.S. military forces based there. Among other things, Japan agreed by 1995 to absorb 100 percent of the cost of Japanese nationals employed at U.S. military facilities and to pay for all utilities supplied to U.S. bases, to increase the amount of military and family housing construction that it is providing to support U.S. forces, to continu… more
Date: June 20, 1994
Creator: Daggett, Stephen
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The United States and the Use of Force in the Post-Cold War World: Toward Self-Deterrence?

Description: Early in the post-Cold War era, the willingness of the United States to use military force was tested by Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait. U.S. actions and those of allied nations suggested that the international community had the will and ability to respond to serious aggressions and some other threats to international order. The United States appeared to be showing the way toward a post-Cold War international system whose demonstrated ability to respond to such threats was expected to deter at … more
Date: July 20, 1994
Creator: Sloan, Stanley R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Partnership for Peace

Description: NATO's Partnership for Peace program seeks to encourage eligible states, above all the states of the former Warsaw Pact and the former Soviet Union, to build democracy and undertake greater responsibilities in international security. The program could open the door to, but does not promise, NATO membership. U.S. and NATO relations with Russia are likely to be the determining factor in deciding whether states move from Partnership to NATO membership.
Date: August 9, 1994
Creator: Gallis, Paul E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Enlargement in Central Europe

Description: In December 1994, NATO members will begin the process of debating possible criteria for new members from Central Europe. Alliance relations with Russia will be a central factor determining the outcome of the debate.
Date: November 10, 1994
Creator: Gallis, Paul E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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North Korea: U.S. Policy and Negotiations to Halt Its Nuclear Weapons Program: An Annotated Chronology and Analysis

Description: On October 21, 1994, the United States and North Korea signed an accord that, if fully implemented on a step-by-step basis, could resolve a prolonged confrontation over Pyongyang's suspected nuclear weapons program. The accord came after 17 months of volatile talks, marked periodically by American threats to seek United Nations economic sanctions and various dire warnings and implied military threats from Pyongyang. Although the Clinton Administration maintains that the agreement fulfills its l… more
Date: November 18, 1994
Creator: Cronin, Richard P. & Moore, Violet Jie
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Key Foreign and Defense Policy Issues in the 104th Congress

Description: The new post-Cold War world and the role of the United States will be shaped by action on a wide variety of foreign policy and defense issues. The 104th Congress will debate many of these issues and help determine the outcome as it considers the National Security Act proposed by House Republicans in the Contract with America and takes up bills on foreign policy and defense agencies, programs, and budgets.
Date: December 20, 1994
Creator: Collier, Ellen C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Intelligence Implications of the Military Technical Revolution

Description: The availability of precise, real-time intelligence has been an integral part of a military technical revolution being implemented by the Department of Defense for post-Cold War conflicts and peacekeeping operations. Providing this intelligence requires new types of equipment, analysis and organizational relationships within the U.S. intelligence community.
Date: May 1, 1995
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Chemical Agent Attacks in Japan

Description: The release of the nerve agent Sarin in Tokyo's subway system on March 20, marks the first clearly non-state terrorist use of chemical weapons. The agent was highly diluted andmfatalities were relatively few (10), though the number of injured was substantial (5,000+, with 600 hospitalized). This incident clearly indicates the potential political effectiveness of chemical weapons against an unprotected civilian population. Once a population has been sensitized by an incident like this, even the … more
Date: May 4, 1995
Creator: Bowman, Steven R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A UN Rapid Reaction Force

Description: This report, completed in June 1995, discusses the content and context of the January 1995 proposal by then-United Nations Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali that U.N. Member States consider the creation of a special rapid reaction force to perform U.N. peacekeeping operations. It contains brief background information on similar proposals and a description of the current U.N. "standby forces" system. It reviews the concerns and issues raised by the Boutros-Ghali proposal, including politic… more
Date: June 29, 1995
Creator: Serafino, Nina M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Southeast Asian Security: Issues for the U.S.

Description: Policymakers on both sides of the Pacific turned their attention to Southeast Asian security issues in late July 1995. The occasion was the Annual Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)[1] ministers' meeting; followed by the annual post-ministerial "dialogue" among the ASEAN and other Asian- Pacific ministers (including the U.S. Secretary of State); followed in turn by the second annual ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), a nascent security framework for the area including participation by the… more
Date: August 24, 1995
Creator: Sutter, Robert G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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North Korea's Campaign Against the Korean Armistice

Description: The 1953 Korean Armistice Agreement, ending the Korean War, established mechanisms to enforce the armistice along a military demarcation line separating North and South Korea. Since April 1994, North Korea has acted to dismantle these mechanisms as a means of pressuring the United States to replace the Armistice Agreement with a U.S.-North Korean peace agreement, excluding South Korea. U.S.-South Korean responses to North Korea's responses to North Korea's moves have been largely rhetorical, … more
Date: December 11, 1995
Creator: Niksch, Larry A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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EURATOM and the United States: Renewing the Agreement for Nuclear Cooperation

Description: The European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) is a regional organization established in 1958 to "create conditions necessary for the establishment and growth of nuclear industries." The United States promoted its establishment to benefit sales of U.S. nuclear power reactors and related equipment. fuels and technology in Europe. The agreement for nuclear cooperation between the United States and EURATOM expired at the end of 1995. On November 29 President Clinton submitted to Congress a new agr… more
Date: April 26, 1996
Creator: Behrens, Carl E. & Donnelly, Warren H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Convention on Nuclear Safety - A Fact Sheet

Description: Until the catastrophic accident with the former Soviet Union's Chernobyl nuclear power plant showed that radioactivity from a major nuclear accident could reach neighboring nations, nuclear safety was held to be an exclusively sovereign responsibility of each nation. Now it is recognized that a nuclear accident in one state can release radioactivity dangerous to another. As a result, many now view international cooperation as one way to help to assure safe operation of each nation's civil nucle… more
Date: May 16, 1996
Creator: Behrens, Carl E. & Donnelly, Warren H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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