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2000-2009
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Congressional Research Service Reports
- The Current Palestinian Uprising: Al-Aqsa Intifadah
- Facing a September 13, 2000 deadline for concluding a comprehensive Israeli- Palestinian agreement on all permanent status issues, President Bill Clinton convened a trilateral summit with Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Chairman Yasser Arafat at Camp David on July 11, 2000. The summit, which lasted until July 24, 2000, did not produce an agreement. Members of 106th Congress responded to the al-Aqsa Intifadah by introducing bills that supported Israel’s actions, encouraged the U.S. Administration to oppose any anti-Israel resolutions in the United Nations, called upon Palestinians to negotiate a resolution, and proposed cutting foreign assistance to the Palestinians if they did not stop the uprising. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1535/
- Prisons: Policy Options for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1123/
- Sudan: The Darfur Crisis and the Status of the North-South Negotiations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5799/
- Immigration Consequences of Criminal Activity
- Congress has the authority to determine classes of aliens who may be admitted into the United States and the grounds for which they may be removed. Pursuant to the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended, certain conduct may either disqualify an alien from entering the United States ("inadmissibility") or provide grounds for his or her removal/deportation. Prominently included among this conduct is criminal activity. This report explores this issue in-depth, especially the difference between the terms "illegal alien" and "criminal alien" and relevant legislation. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10416/
- Terrorist Attack on USS Cole: Background and Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1541/
- Police and Law Enforcement: Selected Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1124/
- Interrogation of Detainees: Overview of the McCain Amendment
- Controversy has arisen regarding U.S. treatment of enemy combatants and terrorist suspects detained in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other locations, and whether such treatment complies with related U.S. statutes and treaties. Certain provisions of the Detainee Treatment Act (DTA), first introduced by Senator John McCain, have popularly been referred to as the "McCain Amendment." This report discusses the McCain amendment and the application of the McCain amendment by the Department of Defense (DOD) in the updated 2006 version of the Army Field Manual. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10291/
- Gangs in Central America
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6766/
- Enron: A Select Chronology of Congressional, Corporate, and Government Activities
- This report presents basic background information on the collapse of the Enron Corporation, identifying public policy issues in financial market oversight. This report briefly summarizes some federal laws carrying criminal penalties which may be implicated in the events surrounding the collapse of the Enron Corp. This report compares the auditing and accounting reform measures passed by the House (H.R. 3763) and reported by the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. This report compares the major provisions of three auditor and accounting reform proposals: H.R. 3763, S. 2673, and a rule proposed on June 20, 2002, by the SEC that would create a new auditor oversight board by using the SEC’s existing authority to regulate corporate accounting. The report focuses on Section 404(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), the federal statute that regulates employer-sponsored pension plans. Section 404(a) is considered the “touchstone for understanding the scope and object of an ERISA fiduciary’s duties.” digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2298/
- Enron: A Select Chronology of Congressional, Corporate, and Government Activities
- This report presents basic background information on the collapse of the Enron Corporation, identifying public policy issues in financial market oversight. This report briefly summarizes some federal laws carrying criminal penalties which may be implicated in the events surrounding the collapse of the Enron Corp. This report compares the auditing and accounting reform measures passed by the House (H.R. 3763) and reported by the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. This report compares the major provisions of three auditor and accounting reform proposals: H.R. 3763, S. 2673, and a rule proposed on June 20, 2002, by the SEC that would create a new auditor oversight board by using the SEC’s existing authority to regulate corporate accounting. The report focuses on Section 404(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), the federal statute that regulates employer-sponsored pension plans. Section 404(a) is considered the “touchstone for understanding the scope and object of an ERISA fiduciary’s duties.” digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2299/
- Immigration Consequences of Criminal Activity
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9934/
- International Terrorism: Threat, Policy, and Response
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9505/
- Enron: A Select Chronology of Congressional, Corporate, and Government Activities
- This report presents basic background information on the collapse of the Enron Corporation, identifying public policy issues in financial market oversight. This report briefly summarizes some federal laws carrying criminal penalties which may be implicated in the events surrounding the collapse of the Enron Corp. This report compares the auditing and accounting reform measures passed by the House (H.R. 3763) and reported by the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. This report compares the major provisions of three auditor and accounting reform proposals: H.R. 3763, S. 2673, and a rule proposed on June 20, 2002, by the SEC that would create a new auditor oversight board by using the SEC’s existing authority to regulate corporate accounting. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2300/
- Federal Grand Juries: The Law in a Nutshell
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8310/
- International Terrorism: Threat, Policy, and Response
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9506/
- Enron: A Select Chronology of Congressional, Corporate, and Government Activities
- This report presents basic background information on the collapse of the Enron Corporation, identifying public policy issues in financial market oversight. This report briefly summarizes some federal laws carrying criminal penalties which may be implicated in the events surrounding the collapse of the Enron Corp. This report compares the auditing and accounting reform measures passed by the House (H.R. 3763) and reported by the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. This report compares the major provisions of three auditor and accounting reform proposals: H.R. 3763, S. 2673, and a rule proposed on June 20, 2002, by the SEC that would create a new auditor oversight board by using the SEC’s existing authority to regulate corporate accounting. The report focuses on Section 404(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), the federal statute that regulates employer-sponsored pension plans. Section 404(a) is considered the “touchstone for understanding the scope and object of an ERISA fiduciary’s duties.” digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4005/
- Enron: A Select Chronology of Congressional, Corporate, and Government Activities
- This report presents basic background information on the collapse of the Enron Corporation, identifying public policy issues in financial market oversight. This report briefly summarizes some federal laws carrying criminal penalties which may be implicated in the events surrounding the collapse of the Enron Corp. This report compares the auditing and accounting reform measures passed by the House (H.R. 3763) and reported by the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. This report compares the major provisions of three auditor and accounting reform proposals: H.R. 3763, S. 2673, and a rule proposed on June 20, 2002, by the SEC that would create a new auditor oversight board by using the SEC’s existing authority to regulate corporate accounting. The report focuses on Section 404(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), the federal statute that regulates employer-sponsored pension plans. Section 404(a) is considered the “touchstone for understanding the scope and object of an ERISA fiduciary’s duties.” digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4006/
- Alien Smuggling: Recent Legislative Developments
- This report discusses issues surrounding aliens within the United States including an overview of currently-proscribed activities, exemptions, sentencing provisions, and proposed legislative changes. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94148/
- Trying Terrorists as War Criminals
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6980/
- Foreign Support of the U.S. War on Terrorism
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6523/
- Latin America: Terrorism Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6171/
- Gun Legislation in the 109th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6170/
- Federal Crime Control: Background, Legislation, and Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6696/
- Gun Legislation in the 109th Congress
- Congress continues to debate the efficacy and constitutionality of federal regulation of firearms and ammunition. It is a contentious debate, with strong advocates for and against the further federal regulation of firearms. Gun control advocates argue that federal regulation of firearms curbs access by criminals, juveniles, and other "high-risk" individuals, among other things. Gun control opponents deny that federal policies keep firearms out of the hands of high-risk persons; rather, they argue, controls often create burdens for law-abiding citizens and infringe upon constitutional rights provided by the Second Amendment. This report describes the details of this ongoing debate, including several pieces of legislation related to the issue. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10384/
- Latin America: Terrorism Issues
- In the aftermath of the September 2001 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, D.C., U.S. attention to terrorism in Latin America intensified, with an increase in bilateral and regional cooperation. Latin American nations strongly condemned the attacks. This report outlines the U.S.-Latin American relationship in regards to terrorism, including several pieces of international counterterrorism legislation, including the Inter-American Convention Against Terrorism and the Organization of American States. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10571/
- Latin America: Terrorism Issues
- In the aftermath of the September 2001 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, D.C., U.S. attention to terrorism in Latin America intensified, with an increase in bilateral and regional cooperation. Latin American nations strongly condemned the attacks. This report outlines the U.S.-Latin American relationship in regards to terrorism, including several pieces of international counterterrorism legislation, including the Inter-American Convention Against Terrorism and the Organization of American States. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10572/
- Operation Enduring Freedom: Foreign Pledges of Military and Intelligence Support
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1742/
- DNA Evidence: Legislative Initiatives in the 106th Congress
- DNA evidence is a powerful forensic tool in criminal cases. Its use and capabilities have increased substantially since it was first introduced in the late 1980s. That growth has led to the emergence of the following issues that were considered by the 106th Congress in legislative initiatives: eliminating the nationwide backlog of unanalyzed DNA samples, expanding the kinds of offenders who are profiled, providing opportunities for post-conviction testing of DNA evidence, and continuing development of forensic science capabilities. This report discusses those and related issues and the legislation proposed and enacted to address them. It begins by describing provisions in prior federal law and then discusses issues and the legislation proposed, including the enacted DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000 (H.R. 4640, which became P.L. 106-546). digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1871/
- Money Laundering: An Abridged Overview of 18 U.S.C. 1956 and Related Federal Criminal Law
- Money laundering is a federal crime, commonly understood as the process of cleansing the taint from the proceeds of crime. This report describes in detail the various aspects of money laundering in regards to federal criminal law. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10663/
- Krouse, William J.
- Congress continues to debate the efficacy and constitutionality of federal regulation of firearms and ammunition. It is a contentious debate, with strong advocates for and against the further federal regulation of firearms. Gun control advocates argue that federal regulation of firearms curbs access by criminals, juveniles, and other "high-risk" individuals. Gun control opponents deny that federal policies keep firearms out of the hands of high-risk persons; rather, they argue, control often create burdens for law-abiding citizens and infringe upon constitutional rights provided by the Second Amendment. This report explores this issue in greater detail, including related legislation. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10383/
- Terrorist Capabilities for Cyberattack: Overview and Policy Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10185/
- Latin America: Terrorism Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10147/
- Terrorism Funding: FY2002 Appropriations Bills
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1539/
- Cyberwarfare
- Cyberwarfare raises issues of growing national interest and concern. Cyberwarfare can be used to describe various aspects of defending and attacking information and computer networks in cyberspace, as well as denying an adversary’s ability to do the same. Some major problems encountered with cyber attacks, in particular, are the difficulty in determining the origin and nature of the attack and in assessing the damage incurred. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1536/
- Jonathan Pollard: Background and Considerations for Presidential Clemency
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1540/
- Trying Terrorists as War Criminals
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1543/
- Victims' Rights Amendment in the 106th Congress: Overview of Suggestions to Amend the Constitution
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1523/
- Victims' Rights Amendment: Proposals to Amend the United States Constitution in the 106th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1127/
- Hate Crimes: Sketch of Selected Proposals and Congressional Authority
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2388/
- Latin America: Terrorism Issues
- In the aftermath of the September 2001 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, D.C., U.S. attention to terrorism in Latin America intensified, with an increase in bilateral and regional cooperation. Latin American nations strongly condemned the attacks. This report outlines the U.S.-Latin American relationship in regards to terrorism, including several pieces of international counterterrorism legislation, including the Inter-American Convention Against Terrorism and the Organization of American States. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10273/
- Immigration: Terrorist Grounds for Exclusion of Aliens
- This report opens with an overview of the grounds for inadmissibility and summarizes key legislation enacted in recent years. The section on current law explains the legal definitions of "terrorist activity," "terrorist organization," and other security-related grounds for inadmissibility and analyzes the legal implications of these provisions. The report then discusses the alien screening process to identify possible terrorists during the visa issuance process abroad and the inspections process at U.S. ports of entry. Where relevant, the report also discusses how recently enacted legislation affects these matters. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10210/
- Interrogation of Detainees: Overview of the McCain Amendment
- Controversy has arisen regarding U.S. treatment of enemy combatants and terrorist suspects detained in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other locations, and whether such treatment complies with related U.S. statutes and treaties. Certain provisions of the Detainee Treatment Act (DTA), first introduced by Senator John McCain, have popularly been referred to as the "McCain Amendment." This report discusses the McCain amendment and also discusses the application of the McCain Amendment by the DOD in the updated 2006 version of the Army Field Manual. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10293/
- Interrogation of Detainees: Overview of the McCain Amendment
- Controversy has arisen regarding U.S. treatment of enemy combatants and terrorist suspects detained in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other locations, and whether such treatment complies with related U.S. statutes and treaties. Certain provisions of the Detainee Treatment Act (DTA), first introduced by Senator John McCain, have popularly been referred to as the "McCain Amendment." This report discusses the McCain amendment and also discusses the application of the McCain Amendment by the DOD in the updated 2006 version of the Army Field Manual. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10292/
- Latin America: Terrorism Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6950/
- Military Aviation: Issues and Options for Combating Terrorism and Counterinsurgency
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6193/
- Gun Control Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2345/
- Gun Control Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2347/
- Gun Control Legislation in the 107th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2346/
- Assassination Ban and E.O. 12333: A Brief Summary
- This report offers a brief summary of the assassination ban contained in Executive Order (E.O.) 12333, Section 2.11. E.O. 12333 is the latest in a series of three executive orders which included assassination bans. The first, Executive Order 11905, Sec. 5(g),1 41 Fed. Reg. 7703, 7733 (President Gerald Ford, 2/19/76), was part of an executive order issued by President Ford in response to concerns raised in the 1970's with respect to alleged abuses by the U.S. intelligence community. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2392/
- Latin America: Terrorism Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6979/