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Average Years of Service for Members of the Senate and House of Representatives, First - 110th Congresses

Description: The average tenure of Members of the Senate and House of Representatives at the beginning of each Congress has varied substantially since 1789. The purpose of this report is to provide a Congress-by-Congress summary of the average years of service for Senators and Representatives for the First through the 110th Congresses.
Date: May 20, 2008
Creator: Amer, Mildred
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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House and Senate Chaplains

Description: The official clergy of Congress are the two chaplains — one in the House, the other in the Senate. They are among the elected officers of their respective houses. At the beginning of each Congress, the House chaplain is elected for a two-year term. The Senate chaplain does not have to be reelected at the beginning of a new Congress. This fact sheet is one of a series on the legislative process. For more information on the legislative process.
Date: May 20, 2005
Creator: Amer, Mildred L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Energy Policy: Comprehensive Energy Legislation (H.R. 6, S. 10) in the 109th Congress

Description: The House passed H.R. 6, the Energy Policy Act of 2005, on April 21, 2005 (249-183). The legislation includes a “safe harbor” provision to protect methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) refiners from product liability suits, which was retained after a close vote on an amendment to drop the language (213-219). In the 108th Congress, there was opposition to this provision in the Senate. It is unclear how its inclusion may affect Senate passage of an energy bill in the 109th Congress. House Republican… more
Date: June 20, 2005
Creator: Bamberger, Robert L. & Behrens, Carl E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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District of Columbia Appropriations Act for FY2002: Comparison of General Provisions of P.L. 106-522 and House, Senate, and Conference Versions of H.R. 2944

Description: On December 21, 2001, President Bush signed into law the District of Columbia Appropriations Act for FY 2002. The House on December 6, 2001, and the Senate on December 7, 2001 approved the conference report accompanying H.R. 2944, after resolving significant differences in the general provision of their respective versions of the act.
Date: January 20, 2002
Creator: Boyd, Eugene
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Congress: Finding Directory Information on Members and Committees

Description: This report contains a guide describing selected printed and electronic reference sources that provide directory information about current Members of Congress and congressional committees. An appendix indexes each category and lists which sources include that type of directory information.
Date: March 20, 2003
Creator: Campos, Jesus
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Agricultural Issues in the 109th Congress

Description: This report discusses a number of issues affecting U.S. agriculture have been or are being addressed by the 109th Congress. The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-171), enacted in February 2006, included a net reduction in spending on U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) mandatory programs of $2.7 billion over five years, and the reauthorization of a dairy income support program. Other issues of importance to agriculture during the second session of the 109th Congress include the consider… more
Date: July 20, 2006
Creator: Chite, Ralph M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Clean Water Act Issues in the 109th Congress

Description: Congress has recently focused legislative attention on narrow bills to extend or modify selected Clean Water Act (CWA) programs, rather than taking up comprehensive proposals. In the 109th Congress, the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee has approved S. 1400, a bill authorizing $20 billion in federal grants to capitalize state clean water infrastructure loan programs. Also, a House committee has approved bills to reauthorize several Clean Water Act programs: H.R. 624 would provide $1… more
Date: April 20, 2005
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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9/11 Commission Recommendations: Joint Committee on Atomic Energy - A Model for Congressional Oversight?

Description: This report focuses on that portion of the 9/11 Commission recommendation that urges Congress to consider the model of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (JCAE). It provides an outline of the history, structure, and powers of the JCAE and analyzes a number of issues that might be considered by policymakers as they weigh the suitability of the JCAE as a possible model when crafting congressional oversight mechanisms for intelligence.
Date: August 20, 2004
Creator: Davis, Christopher M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Appropriations for FY2001: Legislative Branch

Description: Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Legislative Branch Appropriations.
Date: April 20, 2001
Creator: Dwyer, Paul E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Foreign Relations Authorization, FY2003: An Overview

Description: Congress is required by law to authorize the spending of appropriations for the State Department and foreign policy activities every two years. The authorization process dovetails with the annual appropriation process for the Department of State and foreign policy/foreign aid activities. This report contains information on the recent developments, background, and key issues regarding foreign affairs considered by Congress in 2003.
Date: September 20, 2002
Creator: Epstein, Susan B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Environmental Protection Agency: Appropriations for FY2006

Description: Early in the first session, the 109th Congress eliminated the Veterans Affairs, Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies appropriations subcommittee and moved funding jurisdiction for the Environmental Protection Agency to the Interior subcommittee. As enacted in August 2005, Title II of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act for FY2006 provided $7.73 billion for the EPA, subject to an across-the-board rescission of 0.476%. This report reflects the fin… more
Date: January 20, 2006
Creator: Esworthy, Robert & Bearden, David
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues

Description: This report begins with an overview of the purpose of mentoring, including a brief discussion on research of structured mentoring programs. The report then describes the evolution of federal policies on mentoring since the early 1990s. The report provides an overview of the components and funding for each of the three major federal mentoring programs, as well as a discussion of other federal mentoring initiatives that are currently funded. The report concludes with an overview of issues that ma… more
Date: June 20, 2008
Creator: Fernandes, Adrienne L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Head Start: Background and Issues

Description: Head Start is a federal program that has provided comprehensive early childhood development services to low-income children since 1965. Services provided to preschool-aged children include child development, educational, health, nutritional, social and other activities, intended to prepare low-income children for entering kindergarten. This report provides an overview of Head Start, along with a list of its issues.
Date: June 20, 2007
Creator: Gish, Melinda
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Waste, Fraud, and Abuse in Agency Travel Card Programs

Description: This report begins by discussing the structure of agency travel card programs, and then discusses weaknesses in agency controls that have contributed to waste, fraud, and abuse. It then examines travel card legislation introduced or enacted in the 111th Congress, and concludes with observations on the information available to Congress for oversight of agency travel card programs.
Date: July 20, 2009
Creator: Hatch, Garrett
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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