Congressional Research Service Reports - 86 Matching Results

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The Voting Rights Act of 1965: Background and Overview

Description: This report provides background information on the historical circumstances that led to the adoption of the Voting Rights Act (VRA), a summary of its major provisions, and a brief discussion of the U.S. Supreme Court decision and related legislation in the 113th and 114th Congresses. Two identical bills--H.R. 3899 and S. 1945--were introduced in the 113th Congress that would have amended the VRA to add a new coverage formula, among other provisions.
Date: July 20, 2015
Creator: Coleman, Kevin J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board: New Independent Agency Status

Description: This report examines initial responses to the 9/11 Commission's call for a board to oversee adherence to presidential guidelines on information sharing that safeguard the privacy of individuals about whom information is shared, and the implementation of this board.
Date: August 27, 2012
Creator: Hatch, Garrett
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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9/11 Commission Recommendations: A Civil Liberties Oversight Board

Description: From Summary: This report discusses recommendations made by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission) which include: "creation of a board within the executive branch to oversee adherence to guidelines on, and commitment to defend, civil liberties by the federal government."
Date: December 22, 2004
Creator: Relyea, Harold C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Photo ID Requirements for Voting: Background and Legal Issues

Description: Report concerning the controversy surrounding some states' requirements that voters provide photographic identification before casting a ballot.
Date: November 2, 2012
Creator: Coleman, Kevin J.; Fischer, Eric A. & Whitaker, L. Paige
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Background and Policy Issues

Description: This report provides an overview of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child's (CRC) background and structure and examines evolving U.S. policy toward the Convention, including past and current Administration positions and congressional perspectives. It also highlights issues for the 112th Congress, including the Convention's possible impact on federal and state laws, U.S. sovereignty, parental rights, and U.S. family planning and abortion policy. In addition, the report address… more
Date: June 9, 2011
Creator: Blanchfield, Luisa
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Background and Policy Issues

Description: This report provides an overview of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child's (CRC) background and structure and examines evolving U.S. policy toward the Convention, including past and current Administration positions and congressional perspectives. It also highlights issues for the 112th Congress, including the Convention's possible impact on federal and state laws, U.S. sovereignty, parental rights, and U.S. family planning and abortion policy.
Date: May 12, 2009
Creator: Blanchfield, Luisa
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Background and Policy Issues

Description: The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is an international treaty that addresses the rights of children worldwide. It calls on States Parties to take all appropriate measures to ensure that children receive special rights, including the right to a name and nationality; access to healthcare, education, and parental care; and protection from exploitation, abuse, and neglect. This report provides a brief history of the Convention and outlines its objectives and structure, including the ro… more
Date: May 10, 2010
Creator: Blanchfield, Luisa
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Charlottesville Car Crash Attack: Possibility of Federal Criminal Prosecution

Description: This report discusses the announcement that the Charlottesville, Virginia car crash attack is being investigated as a federal civil rights case. It also outlines the sections of the federal law under which the attack could be classified.
Date: August 15, 2017
Creator: Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Fair Housing Act: HUD Oversight, Programs, and Activities

Description: This report discusses the Fair Housing Act from the perspective of the activities undertaken and programs administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and its Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO). After a brief summary of the Fair Housing Act, this report discusses each of these Fair Housing activities, as well as two other initiatives administered by FHEO, Limited English Proficiency and Section 3, the latter of which provides economic opportunities for … more
Date: May 5, 2017
Creator: Perl, Libby
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sex Discrimination and the United States Supreme Court: Developments in the Law

Description: This report focuses on sex discrimination challenges based on: the equal protection guarantees of the Fourteenth and Fifth Amendments; the prohibition against employment discrimination contained in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; and the prohibition against sex discrimination in education contained in Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Although this report focuses on recent legal developments in each of these areas, it also provides historical context by discussing selecte… more
Date: December 30, 2015
Creator: Feder, Jody
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Background and Policy Issues

Description: This report provides an overview of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child's (CRC) background and structure and examines evolving U.S. policy toward the Convention, including past and current Administration positions and congressional perspectives.
Date: December 2, 2009
Creator: Blanchfield, Luisa
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Background and Policy Issues

Description: This report provides an overview of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and examines evolving U.S. policy toward the Convention, including past and current Administration positions and congressional perspectives. The report also highlights issues for the 111th Congress, including the Convention's possible impact on federal and state laws, U.S. sovereignty, parental rights, and U.S. family planning and abortion policy.
Date: April 1, 2009
Creator: Blanchfield, Luisa
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Background and Policy Issues

Description: This report provides an overview of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child's (CRC) background and structure and examines evolving U.S. policy toward the Convention, including past and current Administration positions and congressional perspectives. It also highlights issues for the 112th Congress, including the Convention's possible impact on federal and state laws, U.S. sovereignty, parental rights, and U.S. family planning and abortion policy.
Date: August 5, 2009
Creator: Blanchfield, Luisa
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Title IX and Sex Discrimination in Education: An Overview

Description: This report provides an overview of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, and the various aspects of education affected by this law. Although Title IX has been only partially successful in eliminating sex discrimination in education, the effects of this legislation have been far-reaching.
Date: March 4, 2004
Creator: Galemore, Gary L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Congressional Redistricting and the Voting Rights Act: A Legal Overview

Description: This report provides a legal overview of two key provisions of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) affecting congressional redistricting — Sections 2 and 5 — and selected accompanying Supreme Court case law. It examines a pending Supreme Court case, Shelby County, Alabama v. Holder, challenging the constitutionality of Section 5. It also provides a summary of selected legislation in the 112th and 113th Congresses that would establish additional requirements and standards for congressional redistricting. more
Date: April 2, 2013
Creator: Whitaker, L. Paige
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Equal Rights Amendment: Close to Adoption?

Description: This report discusses the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which was first presented to the states in 1972 and has been ratified by 37 states, most recently by Illinois in May 2018.
Date: July 2, 2018
Creator: Shimabukuro, Jon O.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Civil Rights of Individuals with Disabilities: The Opinions of Judge Alito

Description: This report examines the opinions written by Judge Alito relating to civil rights for individuals with disabilities and includes a discussion of cases relating to the Americans with disabilities Act (ADA), the individuals with disabilities education Act (IDEA), SECTION 504 of the Rehabilitation ACT of 1973, and the Fair Housing Amendments Act.
Date: January 5, 2006
Creator: Jones, Nancy Lee
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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High School Student Rights: Selected References

Description: This report provides a bibliography of resources related to the rights of high school students regarding issues such as civil rights, discipline, dress, participation in or organization of protests, pregnancy, and marriage.
Date: October 2, 1972
Creator: Riddle, Wayne
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Overview of Selected Federal Criminal Civil Rights Statutes

Description: Federal criminal civil rights laws impose criminal penalties for deprivation of certain federal rights, privileges, or immunities. These laws prohibit hate crimes based on race, color, religion, or national origin; the burning of places of worship; violence against health care providers; and the transport of persons (particularly women and children) for the purpose of enslavement or forced labor. Some of these laws require a discriminatory motivation while others, such as human trafficking, do … more
Date: December 16, 2014
Creator: Smith, Alison M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Historical Summary of School Desegregation Since 1954

Description: This report discusses desegregation in public schools after the 1954 "Brown v. Board of Education" decision. Topics covered include initial reactions and responses to "Brown", desegregation efforts in the south through 1964, the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, further desegregation efforts in the south after 1954 and desegregation in the north and west, major desegregation court cases, and legislative and presidential action related to desegregation and civil rights.
Date: September 5, 1973
Creator: Montgomery, Katherine
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Racial Profiling: Legal and Constitutional Issues

Description: Racial profiling is the practice of targeting individuals for police or security detention based on their race or ethnicity in the belief that certain minority groups are more likely to engage in unlawful behavior. Examples of racial profiling by law enforcement agencies suggest that minorities are disproportionately the subject of security-related practices. The issue has periodically attracted congressional interest and several courts have considered the constitutional ramifications of the pr… more
Date: April 16, 2012
Creator: Feder, Jody
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Recognition of Same-Sex Marriage: Implications for Religious Objections

Description: The U.S. Supreme Court's highly anticipated decision in Obergefell v. Hodges recognized federal constitutional protection for same-sex marriage. This report will analyze a range of legal issues for which Obergefell has implications.
Date: October 23, 2015
Creator: Brown, Cynthia & Lunder, Erika K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sex Discrimination and the United States Supreme Court: Developments in the Law

Description: This report focuses on sex discrimination challenges based on: the equal protection guarantees of the Fourteenth and Fifth Amendments; the prohibition against employment discrimination contained in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; and the prohibition against sex discrimination in education contained in Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.
Date: December 30, 2015
Creator: Feder, Jody
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Military Personnel and Freedom of Religion: Selected Legal Issues

Description: This report provides an overview of the requirements of the First Amendment related to military personnel's religious exercise. It analyzes current constitutional and statutory requirements regarding religious exercise, and provides a framework for how Congress and the courts might consider future issues that arise related to service members' religious exercise. Specifically, the report examines the limitations placed on service members in uniform in the exercise of their religious beliefs. It … more
Date: February 1, 2011
Creator: Mason, R. Chuck & Brougher, Cynthia
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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