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Congressional Research Service Reports
- Child Care Issues in the 107th Congress
- This report includes recent developments in federal child care programs and tax provisions. The report discusses several federal programs that support child care or related services, primarily for low-income working families. In addition, the tax code includes provisions specifically targeted to assist families with child care expenses. The report presents the legislative activity in the 107th Congress in regard to child care legislature and provisions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2240/
- Child Care Issues in the 107th Congress
- This report includes recent developments in federal child care programs and tax provisions. The report discusses several federal programs that support child care or related services, primarily for low-income working families. In addition, the tax code includes provisions specifically targeted to assist families with child care expenses. The report presents the legislative activity in the 107th Congress in regard to child care legislature and provisions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2238/
- Child Care Issues in the 107th Congress
- This report includes recent developments in federal child care programs and tax provisions. The report discusses several federal programs that support child care or related services, primarily for low-income working families. In addition, the tax code includes provisions specifically targeted to assist families with child care expenses. The report presents the legislative activity in the 107th Congress in regard to child care legislature and provisions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2239/
- Child Care Issues in the 108th Congress
- This report includes recent developments in federal child care programs and tax provisions. The report discusses several federal programs that support child care or related services, primarily for low-income working families. In addition, the tax code includes provisions specifically targeted to assist families with child care expenses. The report presents the legislative activity in the 108th Congress in regard to child care legislature and provisions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3908/
- Child Care Issues in the 108th Congress
- This report includes recent developments in federal child care programs and tax provisions. The report discusses several federal programs that support child care or related services, primarily for low-income working families. In addition, the tax code includes provisions specifically targeted to assist families with child care expenses. The report presents the legislative activity in the 108th Congress in regard to child care legislature and provisions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3909/
- Child Care Issues in the 108th Congress
- This report includes recent developments in federal child care programs and tax provisions. The report discusses several federal programs that support child care or related services, primarily for low-income working families. In addition, the tax code includes provisions specifically targeted to assist families with child care expenses. The report presents the legislative activity in the 108th Congress in regard to child care legislature and provisions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3910/
- Child Care Issues in the 107th Congress
- This report includes recent developments in federal child care programs and tax provisions. The report discusses several federal programs that support child care or related services, primarily for low-income working families. In addition, the tax code includes provisions specifically targeted to assist families with child care expenses. The report presents the legislative activity in the 107th Congress in regard to child care legislature and provisions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3893/
- The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Background and Policy Issues
- This report provides an overview of the United Nations (U.N.) Convention on the Rights of the Child's (CRC's) background and structure and examines evolving U.S. policy toward the CRC, including past and current Administration positions and congressional perspectives. It also highlights issues for the 112th Congress, including the CRC's possible impact on federal and state laws, U.S. sovereignty, parental rights, and U.S. family planning and abortion policy. In addition, the report addresses the effectiveness of CRC in protecting the rights of children internationally and its potential use as an instrument of U.S. foreign policy. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc96668/
- The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Background and Policy Issues
- This report provides an overview of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child's (CRC) background and structure and examines evolving U.S. policy toward the Convention, including past and current Administration positions and congressional perspectives. It also highlights issues for the 112th Congress, including the Convention's possible impact on federal and state laws, U.S. sovereignty, parental rights, and U.S. family planning and abortion policy. In addition, the report addresses the effectiveness of CRC in protecting the rights of children internationally and its potential use as an instrument of U.S. foreign policy. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc93814/
- The Au Pair Program
- Legislation passed late in the 103rd Congress granted the U.S. Information Agency (USIA) authority to design and implement more rigorous rules regulating the au pair program. In 1997, the au pair program received considerable media attention as a result of the Louise Woodward court case regarding possible involvement of an au pair in the death of a child in Massachusetts. The U.S. Information Agency amended existing federal regulations for the au pair program in September 1997 to underscore the cultural exchange aspect of the program and strengthen au pair recruiting and training. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26078/
- Legal Issues Relating to the Disposal of Dispensed Controlled Substances
- Prescription drug abuse is the second-most common form of illicit drug abuse among teenagers in the United States, trailing only marijuana use. Prescription drug abuse has become a particular concern amongst federal policymakers. This report discusses this issue, including related pieces of legislation such as the Controlled Substances Act, the Secure and Responsible Drug Disposal Act of 2010, and the proper way to dispose of controlled substances. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29570/
- SCHIP Financing Issues for the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3913/
- Missing and Exploited Children: Overview and Policy Concerns
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3900/
- SCHIP Financing Issues for the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3912/
- Legal Right of Minors to Obtain Contraceptives
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8418/
- Medicaid Eligibility for Adults and Children
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7299/
- Missing and Exploited Children: Overview and Policy Concerns
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3897/
- Missing and Exploited Children: Overview and Policy Concerns
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3898/
- Missing and Exploited Children: Overview and Policy Concerns
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3899/
- Missing and Exploited Children: Overview and Policy Concerns
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3896/
- Abortion Law Development: A Brief Overview
- This report offers an overview of the development of abortion law from 1973 to the present. Beginning with a brief discussion of the historical background, the report analyzes the leading Supreme Court decisions over the past twenty-eight years, emphasizing particularly the landmark decisions in Roe and Doe, the Court’s shift in direction in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, and the Court’s most recent decision on abortion, Stenberg v. Carhart. The Court’s decisions on the constitutionality of restricting public funding for abortion are also discussed. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1359/
- The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: A Primer on TANF Financing and Federal Requirements
- This report discusses the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant that provides federal grants to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, American Indian tribes, and the territories for a wide range of benefits and activities. This report provides an overview of TANF financing and rules for state programs. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc122292/
- Internet - Protecting Children from Unsuitable Material and Sexual Predators: Overview and Pending Legislation
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1978/
- The Runaway and Homeless Youth Program: Administration, Funding, and Legislative Actions
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9962/
- Runaway and Homeless Youth: Legislative Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs401/
- The Runaway and Homeless Youth Program: Administration, Funding, and Legislative Actions
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9986/
- Child Welfare: The Promoting Safe and Stable Families Program
- The report describes the authorization of funding for the Promoting Safe and Stable Families program (first created in 1993 under a different name) that has expired in the end of FY2001; thus, the 107th Congress acted to reauthorize this program and make some program changes (H.R. 2873, P.L. 107-133). P.L. 107-133 expands the definition of family preservation services under the Promoting Safe and Stable Families Program to include infant safe haven programs; clarifies the meaning of family support to include services that “strengthen parental relationships and promote healthy marriages”; provides for reallocation of unused program funds; and states that, out of any discretionary funds appropriated for the Safe and Stable Families Program, 3.3% will be added to the existing $10 million setaside for Court Improvement Grants; 3.3% will be added to the existing $6 million reservation for evaluation, technical assistance, research and training; and 2% will be added to the existing set-aside for Indian tribes (1% of mandatory funds). digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2237/
- Child Welfare Issues in the 108th Congress
- The purpose of this report is to present a number of generally less broad legislative proposals related to child welfare financing have been introduced in the 108th Congress. Additional child welfare-related proposals designed to improve services, promote timely placement of children across state lines, and for other purposes, are described in this report. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3905/
- Child Welfare Issues in the 108th Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3907/
- Child Welfare Issues in the 108th Congress
- The purpose of this report is to present a number of generally less broad legislative proposals related to child welfare financing have been introduced in the 108th Congress. Additional child welfare-related proposals designed to improve services, promote timely placement of children across state lines, and for other purposes, are described in this report. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3904/
- Child Welfare Issues in the 108th Congress
- The purpose of this report is to present a number of generally less broad legislative proposals related to child welfare financing have been introduced in the 108th Congress. Additional child welfare-related proposals designed to improve services, promote timely placement of children across state lines, and for other purposes, are described in this report. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3906/
- Child Welfare Issues in the 108th Congress
- The purpose of this report is to present a number of generally less broad legislative proposals related to child welfare financing have been introduced in the 108th Congress. Additional child welfare-related proposals designed to improve services, promote timely placement of children across state lines, and for other purposes, are described in this report. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3903/
- Child Welfare Issues in the 108th Congress
- The purpose of this report is to present a number of generally less broad legislative proposals related to child welfare financing have been introduced in the 108th Congress. Additional child welfare-related proposals designed to improve services, promote timely placement of children across state lines, and for other purposes, are described in this report. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5750/
- Breastfeeding: Federal Legislation
- There has been significant growth in the practice of breastfeeding in recent years. As a result, Congress and numerous state legislatures have considered various proposals concerning different aspects of breastfeeding. Through appropriations legislation, Congress has repeatedly affirmed a mother’s right to breastfeed on federal property or in a federal building, if the mother and child are authorized to be in that location. This practice was most recently affirmed in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7786/
- Breastfeeding and Jury Duty: State Laws, Court Rules, and Related Issues
- The fact that a state, a court system, or a single court does not have a law, rule, or formally written procedure does not necessarily mean that a breastfeeding mother will be compelled to serve on a jury. It appears that a general “medical exception” from jury duty may be applicable to breastfeeding mothers in some instances, and local practice and custom may influence an excuse or deferral from jury duty. It appears that many of the decisions concerning a nursing mother’s excuse or deferral from jury duty are handled on a case-by-case basis by the individual courts. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7790/
- Adoption Promotion Legislation in the 105th Congress
- President Clinton signed the Adoption and Safe Families Act into law on November 19, 1997, after the House and Senate approved final versions of the legislation on November 13. The new law (P.L. 105-89) is intended to promote adoption or other permanent arrangements for foster children who are unable to return home, and to make general improvements in the nation’s child welfare system. The House initially passed legislation (H.R. 867) on April 30 by a vote of 416-5, and the Senate passed an amended version on November 8. A compromise version was passed on November 13, by a vote of 406-7 in the House and by unanimous consent in the Senate. This report discusses the final version of the legislation, as enacted into law. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs446/
- Vulnerable Youth: Background and Policies
- This report first provides an overview of the youth population and the increasing complexity of transitioning to adulthood for all adolescents. It also provides a separate discussion of the concept of "disconnectedness," as well as the protective factors youth can develop during childhood and adolescence that can mitigate poor outcomes. Further, the report describes the evolution of federal youth policy and provides a brief overview of current federal programs targeted at vulnerable youth. The report then discusses the challenges of coordinating federal programs for youth, as well as federal legislation and initiatives that promote coordination among federal agencies and support programs with a positive youth development focus. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc122313/
- Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title 1-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act
- Title I, Part A, of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) authorizes federal aid to local educational agencies (LEAs) for the education of disadvantaged children. Title I-A grants provide supplementary educational and related services to low-achieving and other pupils attending schools with relatively high concentrations of pupils from low-income families in pre-kindergarten through grade 12. Title I-A is the largest federal elementary and secondary education assistance program, with services provided to (a) over 90% of all LEAs; (b) approximately 45,000 (58% of all) public schools; and (c) approximately 11 million (22% of all) pupils, including approximately 167,000 pupils attending private schools. Four-fifths of all pupils served are in pre-kindergarten through grade 6, while only 5% of pupils served are in grades 10-12. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6120/
- Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title 1-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act
- This report provides an overview of aspects of ESEA Title I-A which were substantially amended by the NCLBA; elements of the program which are important but which were not substantially revised by the NCLBA (such as parental involvement requirements) are not discussed in this report. Other current and forthcoming reports will provide more detailed discussions and analyses of selected major aspects of the program, including pupil assessments,2 accountability, and allocation formulas. This report will be updated regularly, to reflect significant actions regarding funding and implementation of the NCLBA provisions. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6559/
- Education for the Disadvantaged: ESEA Title I Allocation Formula Provisions
- Title I, Part A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) authorizes federal aid to state and local educational agencies (SEAs, LEAs) for the education of disadvantaged children. Title I grants are used to provide supplementary educational and related services to low-achieving children attending schools with relatively high concentrations of pupils from low-income families. Services may be provided at pre-kindergarten through high school levels. Title I has been the anchor of the ESEA since it was first enacted in 1965, and is the largest federal elementary and secondary education assistance program. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1451/
- SCHIP Financing: Funding Projections and State Redistribution Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6764/
- Medicaid and SCHIP: FY2007 Budget Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8941/
- Medicaid and SCHIP: The President's FY2006 Budget Proposals
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7591/
- The Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2003: “Separate Offense” Provisions and Penalties
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7068/
- Supplemental Educational Services for Children from Low-Income Families Under ESEA Title I-A
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7578/
- Amber Alert Program Technology
- This report discusses provisions in the National Intelligence Reform Act of 2004 to test Amber Alert network technology for use in expanding the Emergency Alert System (EAS). The Amber Alert network utilizes a combination of technologies, such as highway messages boards, the Internet, and text messaging, to ensure the swift recovery of abducted children. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7629/
- Child Pornography: Constitutional Principles and Federal Statutes
- The Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996, P.L. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009- 26, added a definition of “child pornography” that include visual depictions of what appears to be a minor engaging in explicit sexual conduct, even if no actual minor was used in producing the depiction. On April 16, 2002, in Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, the Supreme Court held this provision unconstitutional to the extent that it prohibited pictures that were not produced with actual minors. (This case is discussed under “Section 2256,” below.) In response to Ashcroft, bills were introduced in the House and Senate that would continue to ban some child pornography that was produced without an actual minor; on June 25, 2002, the House passed one such bill: H.R. 4623, 107th Congress. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2234/
- Child Pornography: Constitutional Principles and Federal Statutes
- The Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996, P.L. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009- 26, added a definition of “child pornography” that include visual depictions of what appears to be a minor engaging in explicit sexual conduct, even if no actual minor was used in producing the depiction. On April 16, 2002, in Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, the Supreme Court held this provision unconstitutional to the extent that it prohibited pictures that were not produced with actual minors. (This case is discussed under “Section 2256,” below.) In response to Ashcroft, bills were introduced in the House and Senate that would continue to ban some child pornography that was produced without an actual minor; on June 25, 2002, the House passed one such bill: H.R. 4623, 107th Congress. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2233/
- Child Pornography: Constitutional Principles and Federal Statutes
- The Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996, P.L. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009- 26, added a definition of “child pornography” that include visual depictions of what appears to be a minor engaging in explicit sexual conduct, even if no actual minor was used in producing the depiction. On April 16, 2002, in Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, the Supreme Court held this provision unconstitutional to the extent that it prohibited pictures that were not produced with actual minors. (This case is discussed under “Section 2256,” below.) In response to Ashcroft, bills were introduced in the House and Senate that would continue to ban some child pornography that was produced without an actual minor; on June 25, 2002, the House passed one such bill: H.R. 4623, 107th Congress. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3889/
- Child Welfare Waiver Demonstrations
- This report provides background information on the child welfare waivers and a description of the progress states have made on these demonstration projects. Waiver projects must be cost neutral to the federal government; may be conducted for no longer than 5 years (though HHS may grant an extension of up to 5 years); and must include an evaluation comparing the existing state program to the waiver project. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3911/