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Congressional Research Service Reports
- Insurance Regulation: Background and Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4648/
- Constitutionality of Proposals to Prohibit the Sale or Rental to Minors of Video Games with Violent or Sexual Content or "Strong Language"
- It has been proposed that Congress prohibit the sale or rental to minors of video games that are rated “M” (mature) or “AO” (adults-only) by the Entertainment Software Ratings Board. This board is a non-governmental entity established by the Interactive Digital Software Association, and its ratings currently have no legal effect. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9144/
- Constitutionality of Requiring Sexually Explicit Material on the Internet to be Under a Separate Domain Name
- It is unclear whether making a “.xxx” domain mandatory would violate the First Amendment. Some propose making use of a “.xxx” domain voluntary, but others propose that Congress make it mandatory. The latter proposal raises the question whether a mandatory separate domain would violate the First Amendment, and this report focuses on that question. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9146/
- The Liability Insurance Crisis
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9599/
- The Liability Insurance Crisis
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9589/
- Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers
- This report provides background on the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers (TAA) program. After a brief introduction, it discusses TAA eligibility and benefits as set by TAAEA. It then describes how the program is funded and administered. The report concludes by presenting data on recent application activity and benefit usage. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc96713/
- AT and T Divestiture: Restructuring the U.S. Domestic Telephone Industry
- On January 8, 1982, the Justice Department and the American Telephone and Telegraph Company announced the settlement of the Government's seven year old antitrust suit against AT&T. Nineteen months later, in August 1983, U.S. District Court Judge Harold Greene gave final approval to the AT& T divestiture agreement. The breakup of AT&T will affect every aspect of the U.S. domestic telephone industry from the yellow pages to the manufacture of telephones. AT&T officially spun off its 22 local operating companies into seven regional phone companies on January 1, 1984. This Info Pack focuses on the Department of Justice settlement with AT&T and how the resulting divestiture will affect the U.S. domestic telephone industry. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9039/
- Space Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9198/
- Telephone Industry Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9246/
- Attorneys' Fees in the State Tobacco Litigation Cases
- In the past few years, many states have filed complaints against the tobacco industry in state court to recover Medicaid costs paid by the states to treat their citizens for tobacco related illnesses. The states are also attempting to recover other damages, such as punitive damages, against the tobacco industry. For various reasons, the states have hired private attorneys to assist the state Attorneys General in prosecuting these cases. In most cases, the retention of private counsel has included a fee agreement specifying the amount of compensation that these attorneys will receive for their services. These agreements are not uniform among the states, but most tend to provide some form of contingency fee arrangement. Some of these states have developed a sliding scale contingency fee schedule which varies with the amount of time spent on the litigation and whether a trial has begun. This report briefly summarizes the different fee agreements that the states have with private counsel. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs377/
- China's Impact on the U.S. Automotive Industry
- This report discusses China’s impact on the U.S. Automotive Industry. Congress has been concerned with broad policies giving Chinese exporters unfair trade advantages. The Senate approved a bill, added as an amendment to other legislation that would place a high tariff on Chinese imports unless China revalues its pegged exchange rate (S. 295). Further action has been postponed on this measure. Legislation to allow U.S. producers to bring countervailing duty cases against Chinese firms subsidized by their government has been approved in the House (H.R. 3283), and a new law has tightened rules against trade in counterfeited goods (P.L. 109-181). digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9141/
- Steel Industry and Trade Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2225/
- Steel: Key Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2232/
- Steel: Key Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2231/
- Steel: Key Issues for Congress
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2230/
- Steel: Legacy Cost Issue
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2224/
- Steel: Legacy Cost Issue
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2226/
- Steel: Legislative and Oversight Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3881/
- Steel: Legislative and Oversight Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3884/
- Steel: Legislative and Oversight Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3883/
- Steel: Price and Policy Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9360/
- U.S. Motor Vehicle Industry: Federal Financial Assistance and Restructuring
- This report reviews the U.S. automotive industry at present, aspects of the industry's financial situation, and relief options. It includes an analysis of the current situation in the U.S. automotive market, including efforts to address problems of long-term competitiveness and the impact of the industry on the broader U.S. economy. It focuses on financial issues, including credit questions, and legal and financial aspects of government-offered loans or loan guarantees. This further includes consideration of legacy issues, specifically pension and health care responsibilities of the Detroit 3. It also reviews potential solutions to the financial crisis, including options of government receivership and participation management, and various forms of bankruptcy. Finally, the report reviews stipulations that Congress might impose on auto manufacturers as conditions of providing assistance. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83869/
- U.S. Motor Vehicle Industry: Federal Financial Assistance and Restructuring
- This report looks at TARP and federal government assistance to General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford Motors. In particular, the history of these transactions and how they were affecte by Congress, Senate, President Bush, and President Obama. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83892/
- Japan-U.S. Trade: The Construction Services Issue
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs49/
- Stormwater Permits: Status of EPA's Regulatory Program
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10084/
- Stormwater Permits: Status of EPA's Regulatory Program
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs821/
- Energy Efficiency Standards for Appliances: Are They Needed?
- The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA! (P.L. 94-163), as amended by the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NEPCA) (P.L. 95-619) , requires that energy efficiency standards be established for each of 13 classes of appliances that are major consumers of energy. NEPCA stipulates that such standards "be designed to achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency which the Secretary [of Energ'y] determines is technologically feasible and economically justified." The Department of Energy ' announced proposed standards for 8 of the 13 classes of appliances in June 1980 and initiated public hearings on them prior to final promulgation. In January 1981, the DOE suspended this process; after re-studying the proposed standards, it announced in April 1982 a finding that no standards are economically justified. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9036/
- FY2004 Supplemental Appropriations for Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Global War on Terrorism: Military Operations
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4503/
- Legal Analysis of the 10% Disadvantaged Small Business Set-Aside Provisions of H.R. 2400, the "Building Efficient Surface Transportation and Equity Act of 1997"
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs564/
- Minority Contracting and Affirmative Action for Disadvantaged Small Businesses: Legal Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10846/
- Small Business Administration HUBZone Program
- The Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several programs to support small businesses, including the Historically Underutilized Business Zone Empowerment Contracting (HUBZone) program. The HUBZone program is a small business federal contracting assistance program "whose primary objective is job creation and increasing capital investment in distressed communities." This report examines the arguments presented both for and against targeting assistance to geographic areas with specified characteristics, such as low income, high poverty, or high unemployment, as opposed to providing assistance to people or businesses with specified characteristics. It then assesses the arguments presented both for and against the creation and continuation of the HUBZone program. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29592/
- Small Business Size Standards: A Historical Analysis of Contemporary Issues
- This report provides a historical examination of the Small Business Administration's (SBA) size standards, assesses competing views concerning how to define a small business, and discusses how various proposals to change the SBA's size standards -- including those adopted under the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 -- might affect program eligibility. It also discusses H.R. 585, the Small Business Size Standard Flexibility Act of 2011, which would authorize the SBA's Office of Chief Counsel for Advocacy to approve or disapprove a size standard proposed by a federal agency if it deviates from the SBA's size standards. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc122193/
- NATO Common Funds Burdensharing: Background and Current Issues
- This report gives an overview of the feasibility of burdensharing amongst North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member states due to the global financial crisis and defense budget cuts in many of the contributing nations. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87246/
- Military Housing Privatization Initiative: Background and Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9280/
- Competitiveness: Economic Issue or Illusion?
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs98/
- Foreign Outsourcing: Economic Implications and Policy Responses
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7507/
- Double-Dip Recession: Previous Experience and Current Prospect
- This report discusses factors suggesting an increased risk of a double-dip recession. A double-dip or W-shaped recession occurs when the economy emerges from a recession, has a short period of growth, but then, still well short of a full recovery, falls back into recession. It also discusses other factors that suggest economic recovery will continue. It presents the U.S. historical experience with double-dip recessions. It examines the role of deleveraging by households and businesses in the aftermath of the recent financial crisis in shaping the likely pace of economic recovery. The report concludes with a look at current economic projections. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc93846/
- Economic Recovery: Sustaining U.S. Economic Growth in a Post-Crisis Economy
- A look at how Congress' has been proactive in helping the economy recover after the 2008-2009 recession, as well as how it can help to keep recessions at bay in the future. Issues regards to this are typical post-war recessions, insufficient pace of private spending, and long-term debt problem. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc86564/
- Economic Recovery: Sustaining U.S. Economic Growth in a Post-Crisis Economy
- This report looks at how Congress has been proactive in helping the economy recover after the 2008-2009 recession, as well as how it can help to keep recessions at bay in the future. Issues include typical post-war recessions, insufficient pace of private spending, and the long-term debt problem. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc96676/
- Financial Market Turmoil and U.S. Macreconomic Performance
- This report looks at causes of the 2008 financial crisis and ways that government policy can help to fix it. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc83895/
- The TANF Emergency Contingency Fund
- The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 created an Emergency Contingency Fund (ECF) within the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant. The fund expired on September 30, 2010. It helped states, Indian tribes, and territories pay for additional costs of providing economic aid to families during the current economic downturn for FY2009 and FY2010. This report describes the TANF ECF as well as proposals offered in 2010 to extend and modify TANF emergency funding. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29579/
- Disadvantaged Businesses: A Review of Federal Assistance
- It is the policy of the federal government to encourage the development of small disadvantaged businesses (SDBs) owned by minorities and women. SDBs are statutorily defined as small businesses that are owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals who have been subjected to racial or ethnic prejudice or cultural bias and who have limited capital and credit opportunities. This report presents an overview of the major federal programs now in existence and indicates where interested persons can obtain further information about specific programs. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2186/
- Legal Issues Related to Prescription Drug Sales on the Internet
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5776/
- Prescription Drug Importation and Internet Sales: A Legal Overview
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5775/
- U.S. Sales of New Domestic and Imported Automobiles from 1977 through 1984, With U.S. Market Shares of Countries of Origin
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9578/
- U.S. Sales of New Domestic and Imported Automobiles from 1977 through 1984, With U.S. Market Shares of Countries of Origin
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9584/
- Mandated Employer Provided Health Insurance
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8517/
- DR-CAFTA, Textiles, and Apparel
- The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA), signed on August 5, 2004, by the United States, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic is a comprehensive and reciprocal trade agreement that, if ratified by all parties, would govern market access of goods, services trade, investment, government procurement, intellectual property, labor, and the environment. With respect to textiles and apparel, DR-CAFTA is comparatively less restrictive than most other trade agreements and trade preference programs regarding what qualifies for duty-free access to the United States. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7662/
- Telecommunications Services Trade and the WTO Agreement
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2021/
- Textile and Apparel Quota Phaseout: Some Economic Implications
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7315/