Congressional Research Service Reports - 221 Matching Results

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Dynamic Scoring for Tax Legislation: A Review of Models

Description: This report first explains dynamic scoring, including the types of effects incorporated and the types of models used, as well as what groups conduct or have conducted macroeconomic analysis of tax changes. The following section discusses the specific issues associated with tax reform. The final section discusses general issues surrounding the use of various models and reviews the empirical evidence on supply side responses.
Date: June 8, 2014
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Dynamic Scoring

Description: This report explains dynamic scoring, including the types of effects incorporated and the types of models used, as well as what groups conduct or have conducted macroeconomic analysis of tax changes.
Date: January 21, 2015
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Reform of U.S. International Taxation: Alternatives

Description: This report describes and assesses the principal prescriptions that have been offered for broad reform of the international system.3 It begins with an overview of current law and possible revisions. It then sets the framework for considering economic efficiency as well as tax shelter activities. Finally, it reviews alternative approaches to revision in light of those issues.
Date: August 1, 2017
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Taxes and the Economy: An Economic Analysis of the Top Tax Rates Since 1945 (Updated)

Description: Income tax rates are at the center of many recent policy debates over taxes. Some policymakers argue that raising tax rates, especially on higher income taxpayers, to increase tax revenues is part of the solution for long-term debt reduction. This report examines the top tax rates since 1945 and analyzes the ways in which tax rates affect economic growth.
Date: December 12, 2012
Creator: Hungerford, Thomas L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Dynamic Scoring for Tax Legislation: A Review of Models

Description: This report first explains dynamic scoring, including the types of effects incorporated and the types of models used, as well as what groups conduct or have conducted macroeconomic analysis of tax changes. The following section discusses the specific issues associated with tax reform. The final section discusses general issues surrounding the use of various models and reviews the empirical evidence on supply side responses.
Date: January 24, 2014
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

State Taxation of Internet Transactions

Description: This report discusses significant issues in the remote sales tax collection debate, beginning with a description of state and local sales and use taxes.
Date: May 7, 2013
Creator: Maguire, Steven
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

State Taxation of Internet Transactions

Description: This report intends to clarify significant issues in the remote sales tax collection debate, beginning with a description of state and local sales and use taxes. Congress has a role in this issue because interstate commerce, in most cases, falls under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution.
Date: April 19, 2013
Creator: Maguire, Steven
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion

Description: The first section of this report reviews what countries might be considered tax havens, including a discussion of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) initiatives and lists. The next two sections discuss, in turn, the corporate profit-shifting mechanisms and evidence on the existence and magnitude of profit-shifting activity. The following two sections provide the same analysis for individual tax evasion. The report concludes with overviews of alternative policy opti… more
Date: January 15, 2015
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion

Description: The first section of this report reviews what countries might be considered tax havens, including a discussion of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) initiatives and lists. The next two sections discuss, in turn, the corporate profit-shifting mechanisms and evidence on the existence and magnitude of profit shifting activity. The following two sections provide the same analysis for individual tax evasion. The report concludes with overviews of alternative policy opti… more
Date: January 23, 2013
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

State Taxation of Internet Transactions

Description: This report intends to clarify significant issues in the remote sales tax collection debate, beginning with a description of state and local sales and use taxes. Congress has a role in this issue because interstate commerce, in most cases, falls under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. Congress will likely be asked to choose between taking either an active or passive role in the debate. In the 111th Congress, H.R. 5660 (former Representative Delahunt) would have granted SSUTA member state… more
Date: June 7, 2011
Creator: Maguire, Steven
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion

Description: The first section of this report reviews what countries might be considered tax havens, including a discussion of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) initiatives and lists. The next two sections discuss, in turn, the corporate profit-shifting mechanisms and evidence on the existence and magnitude of profit shifting activity. The following two sections provide the same analysis for individual tax evasion. The report concludes with overviews of alternative policy opti… more
Date: September 3, 2010
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion

Description: The first section of this report reviews what countries might be considered tax havens, including a discussion of the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) initiatives and lists. The next two sections discuss, in turn, the corporate profit-shifting mechanisms and evidence on the existence and magnitude of profit shifting activity. The following two sections provide the same analysis for individual tax evasion. The report concludes with overviews of alternative policy opti… more
Date: June 4, 2010
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tax Credit Bonds: Overview and Analysis

Description: Almost all state and local governments sell bonds to finance public projects and certain qualified private activities. Most of the bonds issued are tax-exempt bonds because the interest payments are not included in the bondholder's (purchaser's) federal taxable income. In contrast, Tax Credit Bonds (TCBs) are a type of bond that offers the holder a federal tax credit instead of interest. This report explains the tax credit mechanism and describes the market for the bonds.
Date: July 29, 2010
Creator: Maguire, Steven
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A History of Federal Estate, Gift, and Generation-Skipping Taxes

Description: This report details the history of the three federal transfer taxes, tracing their development from their 18th-century roots to the present.
Date: January 24, 2011
Creator: Luckey, John R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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What Effects Would the Expiration of the 2001 and 2003 Tax Cuts Have on the Economy?

Description: In 2001 and 2003, Congress enacted major tax cuts (popularly referred to as the "Bush tax cuts"), the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 and the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003. Congress is currently debating whether to extend some or all of these tax cuts that are scheduled to expire at the end of 2010. This report discusses the two main economic arguments against allowing the tax cuts to expire as scheduled, using historical evidence and by examini… more
Date: October 5, 2010
Creator: Labonte, Marc
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Residential Energy Tax Credits: Overview and Analysis

Description: This report discusses current residential energy tax credits, options to extend or modify them, and an analysis of their effectiveness.
Date: April 9, 2018
Creator: Crandall-Hollick, Margot L. & Sherlock, Molly F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Individual Mandate for Health Insurance Coverage: In Brief

Description: This report provides an overview of the individual mandate, its associated penalty, and the exemptions from the mandate. It discusses the ACA reporting requirements designed, in part, to assist individuals in providing evidence of having met the mandate. The report includes some national- and state-level data on the application of the mandate's penalty in tax year (TY) 2014 and TY2015.
Date: November 16, 2017
Creator: Mach, Annie L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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501(c)(4)s and the Gift Tax: Legal Analysis

Description: This report discusses whether substantial donations to tax-exempt 501(c)(4) organizations are subject to the federal gift tax.
Date: August 10, 2012
Creator: Luckey, John R. & Lunder, Erika K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Selected Recently Expired Business Tax Provisions ("Tax Extenders")

Description: This report briefly summarizes and discusses the economic impact of selected business-related tax provisions that expired at the end of 2013 and that are being considered for extension.
Date: April 30, 2014
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.; Marples, Donald J. & Sherlock, Molly F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Taxation of Unemployment Benefits

Description: Unemployment compensation (UC) benefits have been fully subject to the federal income tax since the passage of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-514). Individuals who receive UC benefits during a year may elect to have the federal (and in some cases state) income tax withheld from their benefits. This report provides an overview of the taxation of UC benefits and legislation related to taxing UC benefits.
Date: March 6, 2014
Creator: Whittaker, Julie M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Spending and Tax Expenditures: Distinctions and Major Programs

Description: This report identifies the largest spending and tax expenditures across eight major categories of federal activity: (1) defense and international affairs; (2) general science, space and technology, natural resources and the environment, and agriculture; (3) commerce and housing, community and regional development, and transportation; (4) education, training, employment, and social services; (5) health, including Medicare; (6) income security; (7) Social Security and veterans' benefits; and (8) … more
Date: June 17, 2016
Creator: Driessen, Grant A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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