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Russia
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Congressional Research Service Reports
- China-U.S.-Soviet Relations
- In 1979, a time of clear downturn in U.S.-Soviet relations over such sensitive issues as SALT, Soviet troops in Cuba, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Carter Administration moved ahead with a series of measures designed to improve relations with Moscow's major adversary in Asia, the Peoples Republic of China (P.R.C.). The purpose of this report is to provide background for and summarize current developments in U.S. - People’s Republic of China (PRC) relations, including current and pending congressional actions involving the PRC. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8496/
- Commercial Relations with Russia: Prospects for a Common United States-Japanese Policy
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs30/
- Democracy in Russia: Trends and Implications for U.S. Interests
- U.S. attention has focused on Russia's fitful democratization since Russia emerged in 1991 from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many observers have argued that a democratic Russia with free markets would be a cooperative bilateral and multilateral partner rather than an insular and hostile national security threat. President Putin's 2004 proposal to restructure the government has been supported by international observers. The U.S. Administration and Congress have welcomed some cooperation with Russia on vital U.S. national security concerns, including the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, among other issues. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6290/
- Democracy in Russia: Trends and Implications for U.S. Interests
- U.S. attention has focused on Russia's fitful democratization since Russia emerged in 1991 from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many observers have argued that a democratic Russia with free markets would be a cooperative bilateral and multilateral partner rather than an insular and hostile national security threat. President Putin's 2004 proposal to restructure the government has been supported by international observers. The U.S. Administration and Congress have welcomed some cooperation with Russia on vital U.S. national security concerns, including the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, among other issues. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10405/
- Democracy in Russia: Trends and Implications for U.S. Interests
- U.S. attention has focused on Russia's fitful democratization since Russia emerged in 1991 from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many observers have argued that a democratic Russia with free markets would be a cooperative bilateral and multilateral partner rather than an insular and hostile national security threat. President Putin's 2004 proposal to restructure the government has been supported by international observers. The U.S. Administration and Congress have welcomed some cooperation with Russia on vital U.S. national security concerns, including the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, among other issues. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9885/
- Democracy in Russia: Trends and Implications for U.S. Interests
- U.S. attention has focused on Russia's fitful democratization since Russia emerged in 1991 from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many observers have argued that a democratic Russia with free markets would be a cooperative bilateral and multilateral partner rather than an insular and hostile national security threat. President Putin's 2004 proposal to restructure the government has been supported by international observers. The U.S. Administration and Congress have welcomed some cooperation with Russia on vital U.S. national security concerns, including the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, among other issues. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9553/
- Enlargement in Central Europe
- In December 1994, NATO members will begin the process of debating possible criteria for new members from Central Europe. Alliance relations with Russia will be a central factor determining the outcome of the debate. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26059/
- The Former Soviet Union and U.S. Foreign Aid: Implementing the Assistance Program, 1992-1994
- In fiscal year 1994, the new states of the former Soviet Union became collectively the second largest recipient of U.S. foreign assistance made available from all sources. Whether and how the assistance program is helping to bring about democratic systems and free market economies is increasingly a question of interest to Congress and the public at large. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26073/
- The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA)
- This report discusses the increasing international pressure on Iran to curb its nuclear program and how that pressure discourages foreign firms from investing in Iran's energy sector, hindering Iran's efforts to expand oil production. This report discusses the history and progress of the formal U.S. effort to curb energy investment in Iran, which began with the Iran Sanctions Act (ISA) in 1996. This report also discusses U.S. concerns that other nations, e.g., U.S. allies, Russia, and China, are not as strict with their economic sanctions against Iran, and how U.S. policymakers are combating this reticence with various pieces of legislation. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26309/
- National Missile Defense: Russia's Reaction
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2062/
- National Missile Defense: Russia's Reaction
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3665/
- NATO Enlargement and Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs610/
- The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions
- The United States and Russia signed a new strategic arms reduction treaty - known as New START - on April 8, 2010. This treaty is designed to replace the 1991 Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START), which expired, after 15 years of implementation, on December 5, 2009. This report provides an overview of New START, including a comparison to the original START Treaty, the belief of the Obama Administration and outside analysts that New START will enhance U.S. national security, and the criticisms of those who say that New START (and, indeed, the entire issue of U.S.-Russian arms control) is a distraction from more important items on the nonproliferation agenda. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc40097/
- The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions
- The United States and Russia signed a new strategic arms reduction treaty - known as New START - on April 8, 2010. This treaty is designed to replace the 1991 Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START), which expired, after 15 years of implementation, on December 5, 2009. This report provides an overview of New START, including a comparison to the original START Treaty, the belief of the Obama Administration and outside analysts that New START will enhance U.S. national security, and the criticisms of those who say that New START (and, indeed, the entire issue of U.S.-Russian arms control) is a distraction from more important items on the nonproliferation agenda. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31358/
- Nuclear Arms Control: The Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
- On May 24, 2002, President Bush and Russia's President Putin signed the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (known as the Treaty of Moscow) that will reduce strategic nuclear weapons to between 1,700 and 2,200 warheads by December 31, 2012. Russia convinced the United States to sign a legally binding treaty, but the United States rejected any limits and counting rules that would require the elimination of delivery vehicles and warheads removed from service. It wanted the flexibility to reduce its forces at its own pace, and to restore warheads to deployed forces if conditions warranted. Russian officials have hailed the success of Russia's diplomacy in convincing the United States to sign a legally binding Treaty that casts Russia as an equal partner in the arms control process. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10461/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2057/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2056/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3655/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3652/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3651/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3650/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3654/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3653/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3649/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5675/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5672/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5671/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5677/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5674/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5676/
- Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5673/
- Partnership for Peace
- NATO's Partnership for Peace program seeks to encourage eligible states, above all the states of the former Warsaw Pact and the former Soviet Union, to build democracy and undertake greater responsibilities in international security. The program could open the door to, but does not promise, NATO membership. U.S. and NATO relations with Russia are likely to be the determining factor in deciding whether states move from Partnership to NATO membership. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26043/
- Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
- Granting Russia permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status requires a change in law because Russia is prohibited from receiving unconditional and permanent NTR under Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974. This provision includes the so-called Jackson-Vanik amendment. Extension of PNTR has implications for Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This report examines this legislative issue in the context of Russian accession to the WTO and U.S.-Russian economic ties. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33091/
- Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
- At several meetings with Russian President Vladimir Putin, President George W. Bush stated that his administration will work with the Congress to grant Russia permanent 'normal trade relations" (PNTR) status. The change in Russia's trade status will require legislation to lift the restrictions currently applied to Russia under Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974, which includes the "freedom-of-emigration" requirements of the Jackson-Vanik amendment. The Bush Administration requested the 108th Congress to act. Two bills were introduced in the Senate and one in the House but none of them received further congressional action. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10271/
- Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9870/
- Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9537/
- Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3571/
- Research and Development in Russia: An Important Factor for the Future
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs764/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1757/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1754/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1756/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs1755/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2958/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2959/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6874/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6873/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8755/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2965/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2962/
- Russia
- No Description digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2961/