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World Bank Lending to China

Description: Lending to China from the multilateral development banks (MDBs) increased four-fold between 1985 and 1994, from $1.1 billion to $4.3 billion. China is now the MDBs' largest single borrower country. There is considerable debate today, however, whether the MDBs should continue lending to China. In particular, there is sharp debate whether the World Bank should continue making concessional loans to China.
Date: April 25, 1996
Creator: Sanford, Jonathan E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The China-U.S. Intellectual Property Rights Dispute: Background and Implications for China-U.S. Economic Relations

Description: The United States has pressed China over the past several years to improve its protection of U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR) and to afford greater market access to intellectual property-related products, such as computer software, compact disks (CDs), and audio-visual products. U.S. threats of trade sanctions against Chinese products helped produce trade agreements in January 1992 and February 1995 that pledged China to improve its IPR enforcement regime and expand market access for IPR… more
Date: May 24, 1996
Creator: Morrison, Wayne M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Legislative Procedure for Disapproving the Renewal of China's Most-Favored-Nation Status

Description: The continuation in effect of China's most-favored-nation status with the United States is contingent principally on the maintenance in force of the waiver of full compliance with the requirements of the freedom-of-emigration ("Jackson-Vanik") amendment of the Trade Act of 1974. Waivers and their underlying authority must be extended annually.
Date: May 31, 1996
Creator: Pregelj, Vladimir N.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China's Most-Favored-Nation Status: U.S. Wheat, Corn, and Soybean Exports

Description: On May 31, the President formally recommended a one-year extension of most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment for China. [l] MFN treatment allows China's products to enter the United States at the same low tariff rates that apply to virtually all trading partners. Supporters of MFN status for China argue, among other things, that denial of MFN status could bring retaliatory actions that would hurt U.S. agricultural exports. China has threatened to retaliate if the United States denies it MFN treatm… more
Date: June 4, 1996
Creator: Sek, Lenore
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China's Rising Power: Alternative U.S. National Security Strategies - Findings of a Seminar

Description: Although recent development of China's wealth and power poses opportunities as well as challenges for U.S. policy, participants at a CRS seminar on dealing with China's rise focused on the challenges. China is seen as a very large, strategically located country undergoing rapid economic growth and social change, and ruled by authoritarian political leaders. Since the Maoist era, China has made great strides in conforming to many international norms, but a combination of rising Chinese power and… more
Date: June 6, 1996
Creator: Sutter, Robert G. & Mitchener, Peter
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China-U.S.-Taiwan Economic Relations

Description: Recent political and military tensions between China and Taiwan have focused new attention on U.S. economic interests in the region. The volume of trade and investment between the United States and Taiwan and China has soared during the last 10 years. This trend has helped forge closer ties between the United States and the two economies, but has also been the source of friction. U.S. economic relations with China and Taiwan are likely to be of concern to Congress during the annual debate over … more
Date: June 11, 1996
Creator: Morrison, Wayne M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China's Changing Conditions

Description: Congressional interest in the leadership change and economic transformation underway in China has grown substantially over the past few years. Leading congressional concerns focus on how economic conditions in China pose opportunities for U.S. enterprise and how the evolution of conditions in China fosters U.S. security, economic, and political interests. Congressional concern with China grew in 1995 and 1996 as a result of reports of the serious decline in the health of senior Chinese leader D… more
Date: December 11, 1996
Creator: Sutter, Robert G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hong Kong's Return to China: Implications for U.S. Interests

Description: In the months approaching China's resumption of sovereignty over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997, policy analysts are trying to assess how the territory will fare under Chinese rule. The answer is important to U.S. interests because of the enormous U.S. economic presence in Hong Kong; because any adverse developments in Hong Kong are likely to affect U.S.-China relations; and because China's promise to give Hong Kong a high degree of autonomy under the "one-China, two-systems" policy has major implic… more
Date: December 11, 1996
Creator: Dumbaugh, Kerry
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China: U.S. Economic Sanctions

Description: This report presents a history of U.S. economic sanctions imposed against the People's Republic of China for foreign policy reasons since 1949. It highlights sanctions that are currently active and details occasions on which those restrictions have been modified, waived or permanently lifted. The report provides citations for Presidential authority in current law and the Administration's issuance of regulations and administrative orders.
Date: October 1, 1997
Creator: Rennack, Dianne E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China and the Multilateral Development Banks

Description: Congress is currently considering appropriations for U.S. contributions to the World Bank and other multilateral development banks (MDBs) as well as separate legislation that would require U.S. representatives to these institutions to oppose all concessional loans to China. This report provides a brief analysis of China’s relationship with the MDBs to highlight some issues and help Members of Congress, congressional staff, and observers better understand the context for the current debates in C… more
Date: October 31, 1997
Creator: Sanford, Jonathan E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China: Commission of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND) and Defense Industries

Description: Congressional interest in the Chinese military, or People’s Liberation Army (PLA), has increased as a result of the March 1996 tensions in the Taiwan Strait, continuing allegations of Chinese proliferation of technology useful in weapons of mass destruction, and reports that some Chinese defense-related corporations have circumvented U.S. export controls to acquire dual-use technology. The Commission of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND), an important, high-level P… more
Date: December 3, 1997
Creator: Kan, Shirley A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China's Treatment of Religious Practices

Description: From abstract: This report provides a brief background on religions in the People's Republic of China and discusses official Chinese government attitudes toward religious observance.
Date: May 8, 1998
Creator: Dumbaugh, Kerry & Johnson, Deborah E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China-U.S. Relations

Description: This report discusses the background information and most recent development in U.S.-China relations since mid-1996. The relations also have been marred by continuing allegations of Chinese espionage, ongoing controversy over human rights, charges that China continues to violate its non-proliferation commitments, controversy over the accidental NATO bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade, and renewed tensions over Taiwan. The report describes current issues in U.S.-China relations such as; … more
Date: June 5, 1998
Creator: Dumbaugh, Kerry
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hong Kong After Its Return to China: Implications for US Interests

Description: Hong Kong's return to China on July 1, 1997, went surprisingly smoothly. In the ensuing months, policy analysts are trying to assess how the territory will fare in the longer run under Chinese rule. The answer is important to U.S. interests because of the enormous U.S. economic presence in Hong Kong; because any adverse developments in Hong Kong are likely to affect U.S.-China relations; and because China's promise to give Hong Kong a high degree of autonomy under the "one-China, two-systems" p… more
Date: June 10, 1998
Creator: Dumbaugh, Kerry
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China: Pending Legislation in the 105th Congress

Description: This report tracks pending human rights legislation, including bills concerning: prison conditions and prison labor exports (H.R. 2195, H.R. 2358); coercive abortion practices (H.R. 2570); China’s policies toward religion (H.R. 967, H.R. 2431); and more general human rights issues (H.R. 2095). Other bills concern Taiwan — in particular, Taiwan’s entry into the World Trade Organization (H.Res. 190) and the U.S. role in helping Taiwan with a theater missile defense system (H.R. 2386). Also, legis… more
Date: June 19, 1998
Creator: Dumbaugh, Kerry
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China's Changing Conditions: Possible Implications for US Interests

Description: This report discusses possible outcomes and implications for U.S. interests vary. For example, increasingly effective political administration and reform with continued successful economic modernization would be generally compatible with U.S. interests in greater economic opportunity, foreign policy cooperation, and political liberalization in China. Alternatively, Chinese administration, economic vitality, and internal cohesion could degenerate, limiting U.S. economic opportunities, challengin… more
Date: June 22, 1998
Creator: Sutter, Robert G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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China: Possible Missile Technology Transfers from U.S. Satellite Export Policy - Background and Chronology

Description: Members of Congress are concerned about whether U.S. firms have provided technology or expertise to China for use in its ballistic missile program and whether a series of decisions by the Clinton Administration on satellite exports have facilitated legal or illegal transfers of missile-related technology to China. The New York Times reported in April 1998 that the Justice Department is conducting an ongoing criminal investigation into whether Loral Space and Communications (of New York), and Hu… more
Date: August 13, 1998
Creator: Kan, Shirley A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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