Haves, Halves, and Have-Nots: School Libraries and Student Achievement in California Page: 70
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Table 13
State Test Scores and Total Library Expenditures.: Bivariate Correlations
State Grade State Test r p
Minnesota (Baxter & Smalley, 2003) 3 Reading .119** .005
Michigan (Rodney et al., 2003) 4 Reading .282** <.01
Wisconsin (Smith, 2006) 4 Reading .134** .004
Wisconsin (Smith, 2006) 4 Language Arts .126** .007
Wisconsin (Smith, 2006) 4 Reading .134** .004
Minnesota (Baxter & Smalley, 2003) 5 Reading .177** <.001
Michigan (Rodney et al., 2003) 7 Reading .258** <.01
Wisconsin (Smith, 2006) 8 Reading .215** .001
Wisconsin (Smith, 2006) 8 Language Arts .218** .001
New Mexico (Lance et al., 2002) 10 Language Arts .232 .057
Wisconsin (Smith, 2006) 10 ACT English .148* .018
Wisconsin (Smith, 2006) 10 ACT Reading .154* .014
Michigan (Rodney et al., 2003) 11 Reading .273** <.01
North Carolinaa (Burgin et al., 2003) K-12 Language Arts .196** .008
and Readingb
North Carolinac (Burgin et al., 2003) K-12 Language Arts .405* .029
and Readingb
a. Spending on books and other print materials only.
b. Reading test for elementary and middle schools, language arts test for high school. Used z scores to
standardize measure.
c. Expenditures on electronic access to information only
*p <.05, **p <.01.70
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Achterman, Douglas L. Haves, Halves, and Have-Nots: School Libraries and Student Achievement in California, dissertation, December 2008; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9800/m1/84/?rotate=0: accessed April 19, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .