Haves, Halves, and Have-Nots: School Libraries and Student Achievement in California Page: 189
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84% of high schools, for a total of 5690 schools, had data available from all four sources, which
constitutes a robust sample size.
Another limitation to this study was that respondents to the library survey identified
neither themselves nor their job titles. This allows for the possibility that there may be some
discrepancy in answers based upon positions of the people responding and the data available to
them in providing their answers.
Another variable that was unaccounted for in this study was the operation of reading
intervention programs such as Reading First, Accelerated Reader, and Read 180 through the
library program. Similarly, a great number of library employees are responsible for managing
textbook distribution and collection, a duty that requires significant time away from library
responsibilities. School library programs that must administer reading programs or manage
textbooks may not be able to offer the range of services to students and teachers that other school
library programs can.
The paucity of full-time certificated staffing at the elementary level, particularly the small
numbers of full-time library media specialists working with full-time clerical assistants, raises
questions about unaccounted-for intervening variables at the elementary school. While there
were enough full-time library media specialists at the elementary level to establish a statistically
significant result, other factors may have been at play to obscure results. First, the lack of a
sizable community of elementary level library media specialists may be inhibiting the
establishment of best practice in school librarianship at that level. Second, the very lack of
library media specialists suggests a widespread lack of administrative and district level support
of school library programs at the elementary level.189
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Achterman, Douglas L. Haves, Halves, and Have-Nots: School Libraries and Student Achievement in California, dissertation, December 2008; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9800/m1/203/?rotate=270: accessed April 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .