Malnutrition And Food Aid Programs: A Case Study From Guatemala Page: 92
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92
Chimaltenango. The transportion system, commuting buses and commercial
trucks, and the communication system, a telegraph line, link San Martin
to the departmental capitol and, thus, to the other cities and villages
of Guatemala. Located in the central highlands of Guatemala on a
plateau, the terrain of San Martin Jilotepeque and its surrounding
hinterland is mountainous with dramatic changes in altitude, extending
from about 700 meters to approximately 2,000 meters.
According to The Annals of the Cakchiquel, a native manuscript
written shortly after the Conquest, the indigenous political system of
the Cakchiquel was deteriorating because of the political rivalry with
the Quiche, an endemic situation which resulted in local sociopolitical
problems. As a result of this crisis, the Spanish easily conquered the
Cakchiquel by 1530 (Skjorshammer 1979). Subsequently, by 1540 these
newly conquered peoples were gathered into new settlements and forced
to labor for their Spanish conquerers, building their cities and working
their agricultural fields. The town of San Martin Jilotepeque was
founded in 1545 when the Indians of the community of Xilotepeque were
forced to move there. This move was designed to facilitate the
encomienda (Martinez-P. 1975).
Eventually, this encomienda system gave way to repartimiento and,
later, to a form of forced labor, the debt peonage system. (Detailed
descriptions of these systems can be found in Martinez-P. 1975.) Be-
cause of this debt peonage labor system, many of the Indians of San
Martin were forced to migrate seasonally to work on coffee plantations.
It was not until 1930 that then Guatemalan President Ubico abolished
debt peonage (Dombrowski et al. 1970; Martinez-P. 1975). Prior to
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Rodeheaver, Daniel Gilbert, 1954-; Bates, Frederick L. & Murphy, Arthur D. Malnutrition And Food Aid Programs: A Case Study From Guatemala, report, May 1982; (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84342/m1/105/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT College of Public Affairs and Community Service.