Evaluating Process Variables in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Page: 30
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participants decreased their marijuana use to near-zero levels. However, two of the
three returned to below baseline levels of use at the 3-month follow-up assessment. EA
was measured at four time points throughout the study and was noted to decrease as
therapy progressed; yet, mediation analyses were not possible due to the small sample
size.
Hayes et al. (2004) evaluated ACT in the treatment of poly-substance abusing
clients on methadone maintenance. Most (97%) of the sample had relapsed within the
past 30 days. The clients that received the 16-week treatment protocol with 48 sessions
of ACT (n = 24) and the Intensive Twelve Step Facilitation group (n = 44) reported and
objectively tested to have lower drug use than the control group who received continued
methadone maintenance (n = 28).
Luoma, Kolhenberg, Hayes, Bunting, and Rye (2008) offered an ACT
intervention to 88 clients in treatment for substance abuse disorders. Forty-eight of
these clients completed at least 4 hours of ACT in a group format that did not follow a
specific protocol or manual, but used information and exercises from several different
ACT books. Following treatment, participants were significantly less stigmatizing toward
themselves and experienced less shame. Furthermore, EA decreased significantly
following ACT treatment, and EA was highly correlated with outcome variables.
However, no mediation analyses were possible because of the brevity of the research
design and lack of a control group.
Likewise, smoking cessation was facilitated by the use of ACT (Gifford et al.,
2004). Two trials have examined smoking cessation via ACT. Gilford et al. (2004)
compared ACT (n = 33) to nicotine replacement (NRT; n = 43) for smoking cessation30
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Vander Lugt, Amanda Adcock. Evaluating Process Variables in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, dissertation, August 2011; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84296/m1/38/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .