Federal Register, Volume 75, Number 226, November 24, 2010, Pages 71519-72652 Page: 71,577
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Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 226/Wednesday, November 24, 2010/Proposed Rules
commented that certain ballast
components such as magnetics and
diodes operate at higher efficiency once
they have reached a steady state
temperature. Testing at steady state
therefore captures the in-practice
performance of a ballast. (GE, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 12 at p. 82-83;
NEMA, No. 15 at p. 6) Philips agreed
that measurement of the ballast
performance is more realistic at steady
state than within one minute of
energizing. (Philips, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 12 at p. 163)
DOE agrees that the lamp-based BE
test procedure is simpler and more
representative of ballast performance
than the resistor-based method. Because
a lamp does not have a short duty cycle,
the lamp-and-ballast system can be
operated for a long enough time to reach
steady state and the ballast
measurement can be representative of
typical operation. In this SNOPR, DOE
is proposing a BLE test procedure in
which, like the BE method, the
performance of a ballast is measured at
steady state while operating a lamp
load.
The lamp-based BE test procedure
would define particular lamp and
ballasts pairings for testing ballast
performance. In its written comments,
NEMA recommended that instant-start
ballasts and programmed-rapid-start
ballasts with cathode cut-out should be
tested with a full wattage load. (NEMA,
No. 15 at p. 6-7) In this SNOPR, DOE
is proposing to pair ballasts with the
most common wattage lamp for testing
purposes (see section III.D.2 for
additional detail). In the case of instant-
start ballasts and programmed-rapid-
start ballasts (with or without full
cathode cut-out), DOE is proposing that
these ballasts operate full-wattage lamps
which are also the most common
wattage in these groupings. Some
ballasts, such as rapid start T12 ballasts,
are paired with reduced wattage or
energy saver lamps as this will be the
most common pairing. The proposal for
lamp-and-ballast pairing in this SNOPR
is the same as discussed in the test
procedure NOPR.GE also commented on the transfer
equations for BE to BEF, stating that
fitting a line of best fit to tested BEF and
BE data would be a reasonable method
of developing a transfer equation
between the two metrics. (GE, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 12 at p. 64-65)
GE commented that separate empirically
derived transfer equations would likely
be needed for ballasts that either employ
or do not employ cathode heating. (GE,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 12 at p.
65-66) At the NOPR public meeting,
Philips commented that it developed
correlations between BE and BEF for
instant start ballasts and ballasts with
cathode cutout when using the lamp-
based BE test procedure. (Philips, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 12 at p. 36)
NEMA commented that separate transfer
equations for ballasts of different ballast
factor would be unnecessary with a
lamp-based BE test procedure. (NEMA,
No. 15 at p. 6) The CA Utilities
commented that they did not agree with
using the same transfer equations for
converting BE to BEF for high and low
frequency ballasts because of the change
in lamp efficacy. A high- and low-
frequency ballast with the same BE
would not have the same BEF. (CA
Utilities, No. 13 at p. 2) In its written
comments, NEMA stated that BEF could
be calculated from BE using the
reference arc power listed in ANSI
C78.81-2010 9. NEMA suggested
multiplying BE by 100, dividing by
number of lamps, and dividing by the
ANSI reference lamp arc power. Philips
commented that this technique is based
on the assumption that light output is
directly proportional to arc power for all
ballast types over the ballast factor range
from 0.75 to 1.15. NEMA provided test
data that supports this claim. NEMA
also commented that the calculation
favors ballasts with less cathode
heating, which is consistent with the
goal of promoting energy efficient
systems. (NEMA, No. 29 at p. 3; NEMA,
No. 15 at p. 15-16; Philips, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 12 at p. 51-53)
In the SNOPR, DOE is proposing to
measure BLE directly without
correlation to another metric. To convertthe existing standards from BEF to BLE,
however, DOE used the NEMA
suggested calculation (rather than
empirical correlations) to convert the
existing BEF energy conservation
standards to BLE standards. DOE used
different conversion equations to assign
the associated BLE for high- or low-
frequency ballasts, in agreement with
the CA Utilities' comment.
To convert from BEF to BLE, DOE
multiplied the BEF values by the
corresponding reference lamp arc power
listed in Table III.2 and the number of
lamps operated by the ballast. As
described in section III.D.4, these
reference arc powers originate from
ANSI C78.81-2010 or IEC 60081 Ed 5.0,
the results of empirical analysis
performed by DOE, or scaling from a
similar lamp type (as described in the
next paragraph). For example, for
ballasts that operate two F34T12 lamps,
DOE multiplied 1.35 (BEF) by two
(number of lamps) and 29.81 (high-
frequency reference lamp arc power
based on empirical testing) which
resulted in a BLE of 80.5%. To convert
the same BEF to a low-frequency
equivalent BLE, DOE multiplied 1.35 by
two (number of lamps), 32 (low-
frequency reference lamp arc power),
and 0.9 (lamp operating frequency
adjustment factor) which resulted in a
BLE of 77.8%. Table III.1 lists the
existing standards and their
corresponding values in BLE using the
methodology described in this
paragraph.
DOE did not have high-frequency
ANSI reference specifications or
empirical data for F40T12 or F96T12
lamps. To estimate high-frequency lamp
arc powers for the F40T12 lamp, DOE
scaled the low-frequency ANSI-based
F40T12 reference power using the ratio
of high-frequency to low-frequency
reference powers for the F34T12 lamp.
For the F96T12 lamp, DOE used the
same methodology using the ratio of
high- to low-frequency reference power
for the F96T12/ES lamp to scale the
low-frequency ANSI-based F96T12
reference power to high-frequency.TABLE 111.1-EXISTING BEF STANDARDS AND CORRESPONDING BLE CONVERSION
Ballast Total Ballast BLE Low- BLE High-
Ballasts that operate: input nominal efficacy frequency frequency
voltage lamp watts factorOne F40T12 lamp ................................................................................. ...........
Two F40T12 lamps ............................................................................... ...........
Two F96T12 lamps ............................................................................... ...........
Two F96T12HO lamps .......................................................................... ...........
One F34T12 lamp ................................................................................. ............120/277
120/277
120/277
120/277
120/27740
80
150
220
342.29
1.17
0.63
0.39
2.6180.4
82.1
85.1
74.4
75.2Dimensional and Electrical Characteristics,
Approved January 14, 2010.9 American National Standard for Electric
Lamps-Double-Capped Fluorescent Lamps-83.2
85.0
89.7
78.0
77.871577
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United States. Office of the Federal Register. Federal Register, Volume 75, Number 226, November 24, 2010, Pages 71519-72652, periodical, November 24, 2010; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc52807/m1/67/?rotate=90: accessed April 20, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.