A Black/Non-Black Theory of African-American Partisanship: Hostility, Racial Consciousness and the Republican Party Page: 52
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Dawson (2001, 125) later observes, "Political ideology for blacks, is tied strongly
to black racial identity. If one views race as a factor in determining one's chances in life,
then one is more likely to view the political world through oppositional political lenses."
On the other hand, Olson (1970, 685) defines group consciousness as "identification with
a group and a political awareness or ideology regarding the group's relative position in
society along with a commitment to collective action aimed at realizing the group's
interests" and those who achieve black group consciousness identify themselves as
"members of an ethnic minority." Uhlaner et al. (1989, 195) measure group
consciousness by looking at a person's self-identification and any politicized
memberships with ethnic or social groups. They ask if an individual engages politically
because of a direct connection to his or her race or ethnicity. Uhlaner et al. continue,
"Group effects, especially those based on the political role of the group, may help explain
political mobilization of ethnic minorities." The idea is that ethnic membership spurs
political action because of a connected consciousness to the actions of the ethnic or racial
group.
I base this theory of group consciousness and Republican hostility on an
interpretation of voting claiming African Americans approach political participation from
a race-first perspective. This theory develops from a body of work based in the historical
experiences of African Americans (Collins 1991; Robinson 1983; Stuckey 1987).
Following the civil rights movements there was a natural progression of black support for
the Democratic Party. This support made sense in the immediate aftermath of the Civil
Rights movement because the national Democratic Party strongly supported African52
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King, Marvin. A Black/Non-Black Theory of African-American Partisanship: Hostility, Racial Consciousness and the Republican Party, dissertation, May 2006; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5264/m1/63/: accessed April 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .