Experiment Station Record, Volume 92, January-June, 1945 Page: 54
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54 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD [Vol. 92
author outlines briefly the history of the development of disease-resistant varieties
of vegetables, points out their significance to American horticulture, and discusses
some of the accomplishments specifically.
Germination of lettuce seed at high temperature stimulated by thiourea, R. C.
THOMPSON. (U. S. D. A.). (Science, 100 (1944), No. 2589, p. 131).-Portions
of 10 different lots of lettuce seed were soaked in a 0.5-percent solution of thiourea
in Petri dishes in darkness, in a constant temperature chamber at 18 C. for 7 hr.
After treatment, the seeds were washed in tap water and then dried in diffused
light. Laboratory tests made 10 days later showed the treated seed capable of
strong germination, average 87.2 percent, at 33-35. At these same temperatures,
untreated, seed of the same original lots averaged less than 1 percent germination.
Favorable results from thiourea treatment were obtained also with lettuce seed
planted in warm soil.
Inbreeding and heterosis and their relation to the development of new varieties
of onions, H. A. JONES and G. N. DAVIS. (Coop. Calif. Expt. Sta.).
(U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bul. 874 (1944), pp. 28, ill-us. 8).--From .1922 to 1934
six varieties of onions were inbred for one to six generations. Although in some
years certain inbred lines yielded as much as the parental variety, there was in general
a decline in production with inbreeding, particularly evident in the first generation.
Many of the inbreds were superior to the parents in certain characters,
including keeping quality, bolting habit, and uniformity in size, shape, and color.
Although vigor could be often increased by crossing inbred lines, quantity production
was not feasible because of the need of emasculation. The development of a
male-sterile line of Italian Red 13-53 made possible crosses with various commercial
varieties without the necessity of emasculation, and one hybrid has been introduced
as California Hybrid Red No. 1. The male-sterile character of Italian Red 13-53
has by the technic of backcrossing been incorporated into a number of commercial
varieties so that this character can be perpetuated in the seed. Backcross populations
of crosses between male-sterile and certain male-fertile lines are always 100
percent male-sterile, and these can be used in the production of hybrid seed. The
details of methods of technic are set forth with information of the effects of inbreeding
on various characters in several varieties, Yellow Danvers Flat, Yellow
Globe Danvers, Ebenezer, Australian Brown, Italian Red, etc.
Control of European corn borer and ear smut on sweet corn with dusts and
sprays, B. B. PEPPER and C. M. HAENSELER (New Jersey Stas. Cir. 486 (1944),
pp. 14).-The two most important pests of sweet corn in New Jersey are the
European corn borer and corn smut. Information is presented on the life history
of both of these pests and on accepted methods of control. A most valuable observation
was that, despite the fact that the corn borer is an insect and corn smut a
fungus, the same spray or dusting materials were effective in control of both.
Marked reduction in ear smut was obtained from the use of dusts containing either
rotenone or nicotine as the active agent. Equally good results were obtained with
power and hand dusters when used properly. The possibility that smut is disseminated
by some unknown insect is to be investigated by growing and treating
corn plants in the absence of insects.
Selecting tomato varieties for Vermont, C. H. BLASBERG (Vermont Sta. Pam.
10 (1944), pp. 7).-Accompanied by brief cultural suggestions, information is presented
on results of variety tests conducted in the summers of 1942 and 1943.
Influence of phosphorus supply and the form of available nitrogen on the
absorption and distribution of phosphorus by the tomato plant, W. S. BREON,
W. S. GILLAM, and D. J. TENDAM. (Ind. Expt. Sta.). (Plant Physiol., 19 (1944),
No. 3, pp. 495-506, illus. 10).-Tomato plants grown with urea as the source of
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U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Administration. Office of Experiment Stations. Experiment Station Record, Volume 92, January-June, 1945, book, 1947; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5064/m1/67/?rotate=270: accessed March 29, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.