Report on the Agricultural Experiment Stations, 1933 Page: 27
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SOME RESULTS OF RECENT STATION WORK 27
such as new insecticides, chemically A spray found to be effective is a mixtreated
bands, orchard sanitation, and ture of 1 pound of copper sulphate
mon sprays, and the need for avoiding and 3 pounds of hydrated lime in 50
also p. 36.) gallons of water applied when the blosAn'
efficient means of controlling soms open.
the apple curculio, which is. one of From experiments on fire-blight conthe
serious hazards in apple culture, trol in a commercial orchard, the New
has been found by the Kansas sta- York (Cornell) station found that fair
tion. The station observed that the to good results were obtained by
curculio overwinters as an adult' in standard methods of orchard managedead
vegetation from one eighth to one ment "at an average annual cost
fourth of an inch, above the soil di- scarcely greater than that of a single
rectly under the trees, and suddenly spray application in the same orappears
at blooming time, causing chard." It is stated, however, that
damage to twigs and newly set fruit. these methods are " tedious and difBurning
of the dry orchard cover dur- ficult, resulting so frequently in failure
ing the winter months with covered that competent men have been led to
pressure burners destroyed the beetles question their efficacy." The usual
in hibernation, with little or no injury methods followed involve the use of
to the trees or bluegrass sod in the resistant stock, removal or treatment
orchards. The cost of the burning of infected parts, and maintenance of
was about $10 per acre. tree vigor by use of fertilizers.
The plum curculio frequently causes A number of fundamental principles
heavy losses to apple growers. The regarding the effect of temperature
Massachusetts station undertook to, upon nutrition and growth of different
determine the factors which influence varieties of apples have resulted from
the activities of the insect as a basis investigations by the New Jersey stafor
developing effective methods of tion in cooperation with the Univercontrol.
Early in the work tempera- sity of Chicago. For example, it was
ture was found to play an important learned that the Baldwin apple assimpart
in the problem of control, and it Hilates nitrogen at a lower temperature
is now known that, sprays applied dur- than Stayman Winesap, but Baldwin
ing periods of low temperatures when respires carbohydrates more rapidly
insects are comparatively inactive give at 95 P. than Stayman Winesap.
these pests an opportunity to develop These fundamental facts have a direct
a pronounced degree of tolerance be- and practical bearing upon the matter
fore they consume the amount of poi- of adaptability of varieties to different
son that would ordinarily prove fatal. climatic conditions. and zones.
These findings not only have a signifi- Comparative tests of different variecant
bearing on the economic effective- ties of apples for cider making have
ness of spraying for insect control, but been reported by the Ohio station.
explain many apparent inconsistencies These have shown Delicious, Grimes
in control methods. Golden, Baldwin, Golden Delicious,
In a study of apple storage, the New King David, Jonathan, and Ben Davis
Hampshire station obtained evidence to be well suited for the purpose. The
that subjecting certain varieties of station recommends that only good
apples to low temperatures (40 F.) sound apples be used for cider making
immediately after picking is not good and suggests that the product can be
storage practice. Similar results have improved by blending varieties in
been obtained by other stations. different ways.
Fire blight, one of the most destruc- A method of clarifying fruit juices
tive diseases of apples and pears, has recommended by the New York
been the subject of investigation for (State) station has been widely
many years by the experiment stations adopted in the clarification of apple
and the Department of Agriculture. juice and is proving to be a practical
The Arkansas station has recently an- and economical means of improving
nounced that in Arkansas the disease this important byproduct of the fruit
may be controlled largely by spraying industry. Apple juice is now being
with weak bordeaux mixture during clarified and carbonated by a method
the blossoming period without spray developed by the station, and this
injury. This appears to, offer a more clarified and carbonated juice is being
practical and efficient program for the 'marketed in bottles in much the same
control of this disease than has hereto- way that ginger ale and other carfore
been available, and apparently bonated drinks are handled. The new
provides a simple solution for what beverage is proving exceedingly popuhas
hitherto been a baffling problem. lar and seems to have opened up a
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United States. Office of Experiment Stations. Report on the Agricultural Experiment Stations, 1933, book, June 1934; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4991/m1/29/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.