Charge Interaction Effects in Epoxy with Cation Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay and Carbon Nanotubes. Page: 68
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Examination of similarities between epoxy-MLS surfactants and aqueous
fatty-acid in biological systems for effects on guest molecule reactivity follows
after their significant differences are detailed. In this limited comparison, both
solid-liquid phase differences as well as reverse-normal phase characterization
must be explained. Lipids have a fatty (organophillic) end inside the structure of
cell walls with hydrophilic ends exposed to the inside and outside surfaces in
water. In this sense lipids that make up cell walls are micelles, where component
molecules attract to assemble and orient into layers due to charge and chemical
affinity of like structures. This self-assembly process is general to a class of liquid
surfactants that transform from unconnected regions of the disperse phase into
layered structures at sufficiently high concentrations. Surfactants that have
affinity for a water phase or ionic liquid matrix are known as normal phase
surfactants. In contrast, the treated MLS are reverse phase, which means their
surfaces are treated to have external affinity for organic media with internal
affinity for ionic species. Moreover MLS are solid particles with appended
surfactants of confined mobility, in contrast to lipids that orient with the free
mobility of a liquid. Both these systems can be compared in terms of one
phenomenon they do have in common: each of them exhibit chemical reactions
localized by guest molecules in two-dimensional geometries.
Rosgen and Hinz have modeled and experimentally verified the effects of
a simple bimodal chemical reaction at a phase interface, as illustrated in Figure
3.2. The area and position of the enthalpy peak is altered due to the presence of
a critical micelle concentration (CMC) at a micelle to bilayer transition. This is68
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Butzloff, Peter Robert. Charge Interaction Effects in Epoxy with Cation Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay and Carbon Nanotubes., dissertation, May 2005; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4786/m1/81/: accessed March 29, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .