Acculturation Level, Generational Status and Gender: Their Role in Acculturative Stress in Young Adolescent Mexican Americans Page: 19
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differences when both samples were used between gender on either the ethnic identity
component or ethnic identity achievement and affirmation/belonging components.
Cuellar, Nyberg, Maldonado, and Roberts (1997) used the MEIM total score to examine
differences between genders. They found that gender was not a significant predictor of
the MEIM total score but it was a meaningful contribution to the Affirmation and
Belonging subscale of the MEIM in that Latino males scored lower than Latino females.
Koss-Chioino & Vargas, (1999) investigated the relationship between gender and
ethnicity and found that girls score higher than boys on sophisticated measures of
identity development as opposed to those that only measure one construct (i.e.
language use in the home). They also found that younger adolescents are usually in the
earlier stages of the acculturative and ethnic identity process. Rotheram-Borus,
Dopkins, Sabate, and Lightfoot (1996) found that gender did play a role in ethnic
identity. Their findings suggested that boys were more likely to identify themselves as
having a more mainstream orientation (majority) rather than strongly tied to their own
ethnic origin. Rotheram-Borus (1998) also found that females of several ethnic groups
have repeatedly shown greater identification with their ethnic peers than males.
Overall, these studies show that females are reporting closer ties to their ethnic origin
in their behaviors, belonging, and identity development, which suggests that the
acculturation process may be more difficult for them; however, some research has
shown no gender differences with respect to acculturation level (Atwood, 2001; Cuellar
et al., 1995).19
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Manning, Suzanne C. Acculturation Level, Generational Status and Gender: Their Role in Acculturative Stress in Young Adolescent Mexican Americans, dissertation, August 2004; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4592/m1/25/: accessed April 23, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .