Children's Color Association for Digital Image Retrieval. Page: 25
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The hue circle is further divided into several steps. Values represent the
reflectance of light in percentage with 10 steps; the zero-point of the scale equals zero
percent of reflected light, and the value 10 equals 100% of reflected light. In the Munsell
Book of Color (Munsell, 1929) the values are scaled from 0.5 to 9.5. Chroma scale
indicates the degree of departure of a given Hue from a neutral gray of the same value.
For color specification, Munsell prepared color samples by implementing his color
system. As a result, the samples are related to each other through progressive changes
in hue, value, and chroma with visually equal steps. Each sample color is identified by a
code, which provides convenience for commercial applications (Agoston, 1979).
In the Natural Color System (NCS), colors resemble elementary colors: red,
green, yellow, blue, black and white, the colors most likely found in nature.
Conceptually, and cognitively NCS deals with four separate scales, namely one
variation between yellow and red, one between red and blue, one between blue and
green, one between green and yellow. In the NCS circle, the color that looks equally
yellowish and reddish is marked in the middle of the arc between Y and R. The notation
for this hue will be Y50R. The other two points W and S represent the imaginable
elementary colors white and black. Each of W and S is scaled with equal spacing of 100
steps. When estimating colors by the NCS method, a person simply estimates how
much there is of yellowness, redness, whiteness, and blackness in a given color. A
notation 10 70 Y60R, represents 10 units of blackness, 70 units of chromaticness of hue
by 40% yellow and 60% red (Sivik, 1997).
Colors can also be measured by matching them to the standard samples.
Colorimeters are used for higher accuracy. An internationally accepted method for25
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Chang, Yun-Ke. Children's Color Association for Digital Image Retrieval., dissertation, August 2003; Denton, Texas. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4342/m1/38/: accessed April 24, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; .