Mineral Facts and Problems: 1960 Edition Page: 46
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MINERAL FACTS AND PROBLEMS, ANNIVERSARY EDITION
168, approved May 31, 1947, known as the An-
thracite Standards Law, to regulate the sale,
resale, and shipment of anthracite. This act,
with amendments approved May 18, 1949, and
September 26, 1951, not only required the is-
suance of a written statement attesting to the
quality of the anthracite being sold or shippedand providing penalties for misrepresentation
thereof, but established the legal specifications
for "standard" anthracite as detailed in table 1.
Provisions of the act are administered by the
Anthracite Committee, an agency of the De-
partment of Commerce of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania.TABLE 1.-Standard anthracite specifications approved and adopted by the Anthracite Committee, effective
July 28, 1947
Percent
Size Round test mesh Over- Undersize Maximum impurities I
(inches) size,
maxi-
mum Maxi- Mini- Slate Bone Ash 2
mum mum
Broken ------------------Through 4%------- ......------------------------- 1' 2 11
Over 3% to 3 ...------------------- 15 7..------.......-------------....
Egg -------------------- Through- 33 to 3- _..... 5 .--_----.- ...... 1% 2 11
Over 2e--...------------------- 15 7 ...........
Stove_ ------------------- Through 27 ------------ - --------- 2 3 11
Over 1 ------- -------- 15 7 - .... .. .
Chestnut---------------- Through 1_------------ 7% .---- --....... 3 4 11
Over ---------------------- 5 7................
Pea------. ..-- Through 1/ ,-- 10 ............... 4 5 12
Over %e----------------------- 15 7 ..
Buckwheat No. 1_--_.-.-- Through 10 ......---------------- ...........-----------------...... 13
Over e--------------- --------... 15 7 .......--------------------
Buckwheat No. 2 (Rice)__ through _______------------- 10 .....----------------........---- 13
Over /s~.------- --------- - 17 7 - ...
Buckwheat No. 3 (Barley). Through s--_ 10 ...............----------------- 15
Over a2----------------------- - 20 10
Buckwheat No. 4_---- __ -Through 3/32- ------20-------------- --- - -----. --15
Over / _ . ......------------------ 30 10 .
Buckwheat No. 5- ------- Through 3 4------------ 30 () (3) ------------- - 161 When slate content in the sizes from Broken to Chestnut, inclusive,
is less than above standards, bone content may be increased by 14
times the decrease in the slate content under the allowable limits, but
slate content specified above shall not be exceeded in any event.
A tolerance of 1 percent is allowed on the maximum percentage of under-
size and the maximum percentage of ash content.
The maximum percentage of undersize is applicable only to anthracite
Specimen analyses of Chestnut-size Pennsyl-
vania anthracite from the Lehigh Region, with
a heating value of 13,390 B.t.u. a pound, are as
follows:
Proximate (percent) Ultimate (percent)
Volatile matter-.... .. 3. 6 Ash ........ 9. 3
Fixed carbon...---------...... 87. 1 Sulfur --------. 4
Ash_.- --__--- ____ _._.9. 3 Hydrogen - _ 2. 1
Carbon- -- 85. 5
Nitrogen _ . . 7
Oxygen------- 2.0
NoTE.-Calculated on a dry basis.
TECHNOLOGY
Unusual mining and preparation techniques
have had to be developed in the Anthracite
Region to overcome the difficulties of mining
thick, steeply pitching beds and to efficientlyas it is produced at the preparation plant. Slate is defined as any
material that has less than 40 percent fixed carbon.
Bone is defined as any material that has 40 percent or more, but less
than 75 percent, fixed carbon.
s Ash determinations are on a dry basis.
I No limit.
size and clean a coal with distinctive proper-
ties.
GEOLOGY
Geologically the anthracite beds occur in the
Pottsville and post-Pottsville formations of the
Pennsylvanian system of Carboniferous age.
Originally the coal material (vegetation) was
deposited in vast swamps which were subse-
quently buried under great thicknesses of clays
and sands.
The Carboniferous age was terminated by a
series of movements of the earth's crust known
as the Appalachian revolution. A vast hori-
zontal pressure from the southeast accumulated
until the horizontal Carboniferous and other
sediments gave way and, moving northwest-
ward, began to rise into folds. Closer to the
pressure source, the folds were steep and even
overturned and faulted but as the distance46
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United States. Bureau of Mines. Mineral Facts and Problems: 1960 Edition, report, 1960; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc38790/m1/54/: accessed March 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.