Mineral Facts and Problems: 1960 Edition Page: 207
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CLAYS
Columbia in 1958 (see table 4). Alaska and
Rhode Island were the only States not report-
ing. Miscellaneous clay was recovered, in all
reporting States, and fire clay in 28 States.
About 62 percent of the total clays sold or
used was reported from 10 States--Ohio,
Texas, Pennsylvania, Georgia, California, Il-
linois, Missouri, North Carolina, Michigan,
and Alabama. Consumption of clays for the
10-year period (1949-58) is given in table 5.
Total consumption increased steadily from
1949 through 1956 and then declined in 1957
and 1958. Ceramic uses consumed the largest
share. Although nonceramic uses took a rela-
tively small percentage of the total consump-
tion, this percentage increased throughout the207
entire period. The major components of the
rapid growth of nonceramic uses were clays
used for cement, rotary-drilling mud, and
lightweight aggregates.
Consumption of expanded clay and shale
lightweight aggregate has increased rapidly
since 1950.
U.S. imports and exports of clays have not
been significant factors in the industry. Be-
fore World War I, most of the kaolin and ball
clays used in the United States were imported,
principally from England, but domestic clays
now dominate the domestic market for all
clays, except in areas where the freight dif-
ferentials favor imports and where consumers
prefer the imported clays. Small quantities ofTABLE 3.-Clay sold or used by producers in the United States in 1958, by kinds and uses
[Short tons]
Fire clay and Fuller's Miscellaneous
Kaolin Ball clay stoneware Bentonite earth clay includ- Total
clay ing slip clayPottery and stoneware:
Whiteware, etc....................-.......-
Stoneware, including chemical stoneware...
Art pottery, flowerpots, and glaze slip......
Total....................................
Floor and wall tile...........__...............
Refractories:
Firebrick and block.__.-
Bauxite, high-alumina brick........_____
Fire-clay m ortar_...........................
Clay crucibles-...........................
Glass refractories. _____
Zinc retorts and condensers_........___ .__
Foundries and steelworks_..
Saggers, pins, stilts, and wads.... -
Other refractories...........................
Total.....-
Heavy clay products:
Building brick, paving brick, drain tile,
sewer pipe, and kindred products __.....
Architectural terra cotta .... ...___ ..___ __
Lightweight aggregates...................._
Filler:
Paper filling................................
Paper coating ....................... .....
Rubber-- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -
Linoleum and oilcloth__....... ______
P aint. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Fertiliers..................................
Insecticides and fungicides_--------
Plaster and plaster products-----......_........
Plastics, organic_...........................
Other fillers -.....------------------------
T otal..................................
Portland and other hydraulic cements..........
Miscellaneous:
Enameling- - ...-------------------------
Filtering and decolorizing (raw and acti-
vated earths):
Mineral oils and greases .........._......
Vegetable or animal oils and fats-....
Other filtering and clarifying........ .....
Rotary-drilling mud........................
Chemicals ..................
Absorbent uses .....................__ _
Artificial abrasives .............. .. ..
E xports_.-....-- .-- .- ..- ..- -- ..--- .-.---
Other uses ....... ......... .... ....
Total-.................... . ..- -.--- - - - - -
Grand total:
1958--- --... -.-.-...... -.. -... -
1957_----__. - -..93, 063 219, 351
1, 640 870
1,275 12, 020-..-----.----
16, 986
9, 443- - - - . -. ---. ---- . ..-- ....__.57,164
-------------- -------------- 57, 164312, 411
19, 806
79, 90295, 975 232, 241 26, 429 ..........-.. --.... ....... 57, 474 412, 119
18, 331 93, 939 171, 259 ...----------------- ----- 128, 789 412, 318
171, 487 15, 522 2, 944,120 .......... ..-.---------------. ..... . 3,131,129
........................ 23, 113 -----........---...--...---....------------...--... - 23,113
1,460 120,728 --------. ---.------._-.--- 7,134 129,322
10, 902 .-.---------..- .-- ..---.-.... - 10, 902
13, 887 21, 270 36, 270------------ -------- -------.. . ---- .. -71,427
58, 026 --------- ---------- ------- 58, 026
5, 168- -535, 375 361,799------- ...........--. 7, 457 909, 799
5, 318 11, 205 5, 502 ...........-----------------------............-----..........----------- 22, 025
45, 570 669 126, 355 5 _---- --------- 156 172, 755
241, 430 50, 126 3, 860, 391 361, 804 ............. 14, 747 4, 528, 498
----- 2, 963 4, 523, 578 ---------------..-------... -17, 001, 767 21, 528, 308
1, 130 -------------- 5, 119 ---------------............ ....... ----- 6, 249
.......................... ................. 7, 796 4, 456, 867 4, 464, 663
500, 856 1---......- ...-................. .-.............. 500, 856
704, 677 --------------.------------- ---------------------------- 704, 677
282. 493 ---------------------- --------------- 204 282, 697
10,221 ---------------7, 517 -----__-------------1, 606 19, 344
43, 074 -------------- 800 ---------------------------- 186 44, 060
14, 445 ----------------------------- ----3, 701 18,146
36,199 ----------------- 483 30,292 85,276 1,280 153, 530
1,677 .. -------- ------.. .............. ---......... --------............. 1,677
14, 1;3 1, 500 -----------------------.---------------------------- 15, 633
40, 985 1,724 1,411 167 2,181 106 46, 574
1, 648, 760 3, 224 10, 211 30, 459 87, 457 7, 083 1, 787, 194
72, 252 . 87, 130 18, 229 .........-------------. 8, 928, 956 9, 106, 567
........... 1, 314 --.-.---.-----..-..-----....-.. --. ---... - 1, 314
................. 110, 165 40, 074 74 ---- . - 150, 239
69, 713 1, 658 -------------- 71, 371
-------------- 1,797 109 -------------- 1, 906
..---- -1, 387 425, 621 58, 464 23, 378 508, 850
22, 51.0 -.---------- 101, 125 41, 640 2, 003 ---..-----.-. - 167, 278
........7, 843 148, 010 - - .... - -155, 853
..34- .....- - -......-...--...... -1, 015 1,049
15, 844 5, 979 12, 719 44, 590 7, 421 ...... 86, 553
105, 953 7, 163 8, 793 179, 553 4, 891 53, 437 359, 790
144, 307 14, 456 124, 058 880, 922 262, 630 77, 830 1,504, 2032, 222, 185
2,183, 685408,286 366, 101 30,408,395 45, 622, 433
8, 808, 175
10, 805, 0991,291,414
1, 450, 867396, 949
408, 28643, 750,119
45, 622, 433357, 883 30, 673, 513
366,101 30, 408, 395
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United States. Bureau of Mines. Mineral Facts and Problems: 1960 Edition, report, 1960; Washington D.C.. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc38790/m1/215/: accessed April 25, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.